Economic
1 Email is very fast and effective, but there are areas where it is preferable to use letters, e.g. personal, confidential, or legal correspondence. 2 Email addresses usually give the name of the person or department, then the @ (at) symbol, followed by the name of the company or institution, and finally the domain names, which indicate the type of organization and the country from which the message was sent. 3 The language of emails can be quite informal, but if you do not know the recipient well, it is better to keep to the usual writing conventions. You can become more informal as you establish a working relationship. 4 It is possible to use special abbreviations, e.g. tlas and emoticons, but do not confuse your recipient by using abbreviations he or she may not know or understand. ECONOMY Key terms: economy, economics, economic system, macroeconomics, microeconomics, macro environment, international economics GDP GNP WORDS WORD COMBINATIONS 1. scarce 1. a means to an end 2. to convey 2. to do smth on purpose 3. to imply 3. to take steps 4. rate 4. invisible hand 5. utility 5. to pursue self-interests 6. available 6. economic man 7. free 7. the notion/theory holds 8. interference 8. prevailing pattern 9. assumption 9. reasonable approximation 10. self-starter 10. supply-demand framework 11. wholism 11. reasoned explanation 12. synergy 12. sciences split into subdivisions 13. reasoning 13. to range from … to 14. allocation 14. to leave to the discretion of 15. distribution 15. demand for and supply of goods 16. performance 16. a matter of degree 17. to consider 17. return on investments 18. to charge 18. a matter of degree 19. equitable 19. governmental agencies 20. employment 20. to set a rate 21. unemployment 21. skill mixes 22. inflation 22. macro environment 23. growth 23. diverse set of goals 24. forecast 24. to observe the rules 25. feasible 25. ultimate arbiter 26. obligation 26. to adjust to innovations 27. adequate 27. to opportunity cost 28. violation 28. terms of trade 29. measure 29. import quotas 30. ad valorem 30. customs duties 31. wealth 31. downward/upward-sloping curve 32. inputs 32. linear/nonlinear curve 33. outputs 33. to have access to modern technologies 34. efficiency 34. absolute/relative prices 35. constitute 35. to be culture bound 36. branch 36. to be indifferent to the needs 37. vital 37. output per capita/ head 38. to operate 38. to produce domestically 39. to protect 39. take into account 40. ratio 40. with reference to 41. to regulate 41. to be relevant to 42. to restrict 42. exception to the rules 43. to occur 43. to apply to everyone 44. to tend 44. to be beyond the control of smb
ПЛАНЫ ЭКЗАМЕНАЦИОННЫХ ТЕМ
MANAGEMENT: ART OR SCIENCE 1. Introduction 2. Definition(s) of management 3. Schools of management 4. Taylor’s, Fayol’s, Drucker’s contributions to management 5. Modern approach(es) to management 6. Functions and principles of management 7. Management: art or science? 8. Conclusion
I. ECONOMICS 1. Introduction 2. History of Economics 1. Macroeconomics 2. Microeconomics 3. Economic Systems 4. Macro environment 5. International Economics 6. Conclusion
III. TYPES AND FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION 1. Introduction 2. What is Organization? 3. Structure of an Organization 4. Types of Business Organizations 5. Forms of Business Organizations 6. Becoming a learning organization 7. International Business 8. Conclusion
IV. CORPORATE CULTURE
1. Introduction 2. Corporate culture: definition and its role for a company 3. Company values 4. Types of organizational culture 5. Managing cultural differences 6. Organizational climate 7. Conclusion ECONOMY When an artist looks at the world, he sees colour. When a musician looks at the world, he hears music. When an economist looks at the world, he hears a symphony of costs and benefits. D. Colander
Your vocabulary Economy - a system according to which the money, industry, and trade of a country or region are organized. - a country’s economy is the wealth that it gets from business and industry. - careful spending or the use of things in order to save money. - large-size packages of goods which are cheaper than the normal sized packages on sale. Economic - concerned with economics and with the organization of the money, industry, and trade of a country, region, or social group. - relating to services, businesses, etc. that produce a profit.
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