UK Local Government Reforms
Until the late 1980s, local government in the United Kingdom was financed from three sources. First, households paid domestic rates, that are a property tax assessed on hypothetical house prices. Second, local firms paid business rates on their property. The Third, the largest source was from central government. The Thatcher government believed this system resulted in overspending by local governments. Many poor households did not pay rates but still had a vote (право голоса) and voted for high-spending programs. Firms paid rates but had no vote at all. Only about 20% of local government revenue came from households paying rates. Most firms were against raising property assessment, the basis of the property tax, as market prices were rising. The reform of local government in 1990 made three changes. First, education in state schools was moved from local to central government. Second, instead of local business rates a national business rate was imposed. Business property re-assessment corresponding to market prices led to great increases in the taxed property. Whereas before the reform each local government collected all this revenue and distributed it to local governments in proportion to the local population. Money from the rich south, where property prices were high, moved to the poorer north. Third, domestic rates gave way to poll tax, that is, a tax per head with some relief (налоговая льгота) for the poorest households.
IX. Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту.
X. Приложите к данной контрольной работе словарь экономических терминов, составленный вами в течение двух лет обучения.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №3 Вариант 3 Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса. 1. Времена группы Perfect (Present, Past, Future). 2. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice). 3. Согласование времен (прямая и косвенная речь). 4. Придаточные условные предложения. 5. Сложное дополнение (The Complex Object). 6. Сложное подлежащее (The Complex Subject).
I. Выберите правильный вариант, обращая внимание на образование времен группы Perfect (Present, Past, Future). 1. I knew that once he ______ a well-known specialist in his field. Had been was 2. I ______ that point yet. have not considered did not consider not considered 3. I hope we ______ the market research by January. be doing will do are doing will have done 4. He ______ his driving test. He is so happy. He hasn’t been able to pass it for three years. has just passed have just passed just passed 5. I knew that once he ______ a well-known specialist in his field. Had been Was Has been 6. By the end of August we ______ a new product. shall have launched launched has launched
II. Преобразуйте предложения в страдательный залог. 1. When did they build this house? 2. They had organized the exhibition before I gave my approval. 3. I am not reading this newspaper, you may have it. 4. They build many houses in our city every year. 5. Can we discuss the question tomorrow morning? 6. Jack was writing his annual report when the rain started.
III. Поставьте глагол в скобках в правильную форму страдательного залога. 1. If you don’t come in time, you (not to be) admitted to the lecture. 2. Your resume (to discuss) now. 3. He knew that he (to follow). 4. These issues (to discuss) usually after work. 5. She knew that she (to wait) for. 6. You cannot sit here. The seat (to take). 7. Everything (to settle) already.
IV. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи. 1. “I have already learnt enough about this company”, said the manager. 2. “Will you be able to find his telephone number?,” asked the secretary. 3. “I shall finish my work with documents by Monday”, said the secretary. 4. “Explain to me how to solve this problem”, said my boss to me. 5. “I can give you our banking details”, said the secretary. 6. “The delegation is staying at the Grand Europe Hotel”, he said to me.
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