Способы перевода

a) What can we do? 1. What can we do to reduce the … of the atmosphere? 2. The change in the climate has produced…floods. 3. Many rare species are threatened with… 4. Many of the gases produced by factories are… to the health 5. Exhaust fumes have… effect on the environment. 6. Protection of the environment is essential to our… 7. The… of the environment is everybody’s responsibility. 8. While some countries get richer, the… in other get worse. 9. Millions of people in the world are threatened with… 10. When I read this article about… pollution it makes me feel upset b) Pollution is a dirty word. The Earth is our home. We must take care of it. For ourselves and for the next(1)…. This means preserving of the quality of our environment. The (2)… of this task is stressed by scientists who study the(3)… of people to nature. These scientists are called(4)… from the Greek word oikos which means home. Ecologists are(5)…for keeping the land, air and water clean. Pollution is bad for our health,happiness and our(6)… Today the (7)… relationship is threatened by slow poisoning the environment. Air pollution is the most (8)…type of poisoning among several that attack the most(9)… life functions. Can you do anything? The (10)… is up to you.     c) Slick to death Oil pollution is like a a nightmare. Sea birds, covered in a thick black oil coating are(1)…to fly or feed themselves. Cleaning them is a painstaking(2).. and it takes volunteers 40 minutes to clean one bird. All members of the local(3)… groups usually rush to the area of the crush as soon as the hear the (4)… news. According to Chris Mead, Britain’s (5)… ornithologist, it is not (6)… to clean the birds and release them. He told reporters: “I can understand the desperate feelings of the (7)… that they should do something to help the birds but (8)… it may be kinder to put them to sleep(9)…. Surely, the best way to solve the problem is to (10)… such accidents.

POLLUTE DISASTER EXTINCT HARM     DAMAGE SURVIVE PROTECT POOR STARVE ENVIRONMENT     GENERATE IMPORTANT RELATE ECOLOGY RESPONSE   CIVILIZE HARMONY DANGER BASE     CHOOSE   ABLE BUSY   ENVIRONMENT PLEASANT LEAD   EFFECT RESCUE REALISTIC   IMMEEDIATE PREVENTION

 

 

Спряжение глагола

 

	Утверди­тельная форма	Вопроситель­ная форма	Отрицательная форма
Present Indefinite	I am You are He is She is It is We are You are They are	Am I? Areyou? Ishe? Isshe? Isit? Are we? Are you? Are they?	I am not You are not (aren’t) He is not (isn’t) She is not (isn’t) It is not (isn’t) We are not (aren’t) You are not (aren’t) They are not (aren’t)
Past Indefinite	I was He was She was Itwas We were You were They were	Was I Was he Was she? Was it Were we Were you? Were they	I was not (wasn’t) He was not (wasn’t) She was not (wasn’t) It was not (wasn’t) We were not (weren’t) You were not (weren’t) They were not (weren’t)
Future Indefinite	I shall be We shall be You will be He will be She will be It will be They will be	ShallI be? Shall we be? Will you be? Will he be? Will she be? Will they be?	I shall not be (shan’t be) We shall not be (shan’t be) You will not be (won’t be) He will not be (won’t be) She will not be (won’t be) It will not be (won’t be) They will not be (won’t be)

 

Способы перевода

 

1. быть, являться 2. находиться 3. заключаться

1. She is a teacher. 2. We are at the Institute. 3. Our task is to study well.

 

 

EXERCISES

I. Remember the models

 

What is your name? Where are you from? Are single or married? Are you British? What are you? Who are you?

a. Как тебя зовут? b. Откуда ты родом? c. Ты холост или женат? d. Ты Британец по национальности? e. Кто ты по профессии? f. Кто ты по имени?

II. Answer the questions

 

i. What is your name? ii. What is he (she)? iii. How old are you? iv. Where is he (she) from? v. What are you? vi. Who is from Gomel? vii. Where are you from? viii. Where were you last year? ix. Who is your friend? x. What will you be in 6 years? xi. How old is he (she)? xii. You were interested in chemistry at school, weren’t you?

III. Use “to be” in the right form

 

1. My name ___ Ann. I ___ 18. I ___ a first-year student. Last year I ___ a pupil. I ___ 17. Next year I ___ 19.

2. This ___ my friend. Her name ___ Olga. She ___ 18. We ___ first – year students. 3. We ___ in the same form at school. We ___ doctors in 6 years.

4. We ___ at the English lesson now. We ___ happy. We ___ students. Why ___ you happy?

5. Who ___ that boy? What ___ his name? Where ___ he from?

6. ___ those girls students, too? What ___ their names? Where ___ they from?

7. I ___ eager to be a doctor. We ___ eager to be doctors. ___ you eager to be a doctor? – Yes I ___. (Yes, we ___.)

8. I ___ interested in Anatomy. ___ you interested in Anatomy?

9. Our education ___ free of charge. His education ___ not.

10. How ___ you? – I ___ well, thank you.

11. How ___ your sister? - She ___ fine, thanks.

 

IV. Make the sentences negative and interrogative

 

1. He is interested in research work.

2. She is interested in taking an active part in the Institute social life.

3. This senior student is married.

4. His wife is a nurse.

5. They are ready for the lesson.

6. They are late for classes.

7. They are sorry about it.

V. Ask alternative questions

 

1. I am eager to be a doctor. (an economist)

2. Our education is free of charge. (expensive)

3. He is interested in medicine. (Physics)

4. This is a certificate of education. (an application for admission to the medical University)

5. My friend is a first-year student of the Gomel Medical Institute. (the University)

6. They were at the library after classes yesterday. (at the canteen)

7. They will be happy about it. (sorry)

VI. Ask the necessary questions. (Read the answers to the questions)

 

1. (his name?) 2. (single or married?) 3. (British?) 4. (where / from?) 5. (how old?) 6. (a student?) 7. (your mother / a teacher?) 8. (where / from?) 9. (her name?) 10. (how old?)

Robert. I’m single. No, I am not. From Australia. I’m 18. No, I am a secretary. No, she is a lawyer. She’s Italian. Rachel. She is 40.

 

VII. Write questions with these words

 

1. What color / your house last year?
2. Where / my key?
3. Where / my trousers?
4. How old / your grandmother next year?
5. What color / his hair many years ago?
6. How much / these shoes?
7. Who / your favourite actor?
8. Why / you always late?

VIII. Ask as many questions as possible

 

1. My friend is interested in Anatomy.
2. Jack was ill with the grippe five days ago.
3. The students will be at home at 7 o’clock in the evening.

IX. Change the sentences into all Indefinite Tenses (use “today, yesterday, tomorrow)

 

1. I ___ glad to see my new friends and teachers.

2. I think, he ___ ill.

3. She ___ well.

X. Put the verb “to be” in the right form

 

1. I ___ glad to see you. How ___ you?

2. Bob’s parents ___ travel agents.

3. The best seats ___ $10.

4. I ___ hot. Open the window, please.

5. ___ you hungry?

6. The news ___ (not) very bad today.

7. Your money ___ in your handbag.

8. We ___ very busy last week.

9. John ___ at the meeting tomorrow night.

XI. Use the necessary form of the verb “to be”

 

1. Last year their son ___ 26, so he ___ 27 now.

2. Today the weather ___ nice, but yesterday it ___ cold.

3. I ___ cold. Can I have something hot to drink?

4. I ___ hungry last night, so I had something to eat.

5. Where ___ you at 10 o’clock last Sunday morning?

6. Don’t buy those shoes. They ___ two expensive.

7. Why ___ you so tired yesterday?

8. We must go now. It ___ very late.

9. This time last year I ___ in England.

10. We ___ tired when we arrived home, so we went to bed.

11. Anton Chekhov died in 1904. He ___ a famous Russian writer.

12. – Where ___ the dogs? – I don’t know. They ___ in the garden ten minutes ago.

XII. Read and remember the idioms

 

to be in another’s shoes   to be as hungry as a hunter. to be as like as two peas.   to be in the swim. to be in someone else’s skin. to be on the edge of doing. to be thick-skinned. come what may be! to wear the trousers. to be in one’s right mind.

a. Быть в таком же положении, как и кто-либо. b. Быть голодным, как волк. c. Быть похожим, как две капли воды. d. Быть в курсе дела. e. Быть в чьей-либо шкуре. f. Решиться на что-либо. g. Быть толстокожим. h. Будь, что будет! i. Быть хозяином в доме. j. Быть в здравом уме.

XIII. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the idioms

 

1. You failed your examination! Nobody would like to be in your shoes now. What will you do?

1. After having worked in the garden he was as hungry as a hunter.
2. The twin girls are as like as two peas.
3. You do not know the results of the elections. Then you can’t be in the swim any more.
4. I was in his skin once and I know what he can feel after this accident.
5. His nerves were on the edge from the constant noise coming from his neighbour’s room.
6. Do not worry, you won’t hurt his feelings. He is very thick-skinned.
7. From her wedding day until her death she wore the trousers.
8. No one in his right mind would do a thing like that!

XIV. Translate from Russian into English

 

1. Твой брат дома?

2. Где они были вчера вечером?

3. Сколько стоят эти открытки?

4. Эта гостиница очень дорогая.

5. Почему ты вчера опоздал?

6. Я интересуюсь искусством.

7. Все магазины сегодня открыты.

8. Музей сегодня открыт?

9. Его вчера не было в Институте.

10. Мне жарко.

11. Моя сестра архитектор.

12. Меня там не было.

13. Я не устала.

14. Откуда родом её муж?

15. Её не было дома в 5 часов вчера.

16. Они не студенты, они врачи.

17. Ты интересуешься иностранными языками?

18. Дик Браун – инженер. Ему 30 лет. Он женат. Его жену зовут Анна. Они журналистка. Они из Лондона.

19. – Как вас зовут? – Гарри Стоун. – Из какой вы страны? – Из Англии. – А откуда ваши друзья? – Они из Франции. – Кто вы по профессии? – Мы все инженеры.

20. – Как зовут вашего брата? – Александр. – Он женат? – Нет, он холост. – Кто он по профессии? – Он – врач.

21. – Здравствуйте! Как поживаете? – Спасибо, хорошо. – Как поживает твоя сестра? – Тоже хорошо, спасибо.

XV. Translate from Russian into English

 

1. Вы были больны на прошлой неделе?

1. Где вы были в прошлое воскресенье?
2. Фильм вчера был интересным.
3. Вы будете в институте в это время?
4. Урок был интересным.
5. Перемена была не длинной.
6. Мы готовы к уроку.
7. Кто ваш преподаватель английского языка?
8. Я буду свободна после занятий.
9. Мы будем очень заняты на следующей неделе.
10. Вчера книги и журналы были на столе. Где они сейчас?
11. Врач будет в палате через пару минут.

 

 

ОБОРОТ “THERE IS / ARE”

 

Оборот there is/are (имеется, находится, есть) употребляется для того, чтобы указать наличие или отсутствие какого-либо лица или предмета в каком-то определенном месте.

Слово «there» является здесь «фиктивным» подлежащим и переводить его на русский язык не следует. Перевод предложений с оборотом there is/are следует начинать с конца (с указания места).

 

There are tests on the table. There are ten students in the group.

На столе (есть) контрольные работы. В группе 10 студентов.

 

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ОБОРОТА THERE IS / ARE В ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯХ

 

PRESENT INDEFINITE	PAST INDEFINITE	FUTURE INDEFINITE
There is a hostel near our Institute. Около нашего инсти­тута есть общежитие. There are two terms in the academic year.	There was a hostel near our Institute. Около нашего института было общежитие. There were two terms in the last academic year.	There will be a hostel near our Institute. Около нашего института будет общежитие. There will be two terms in the academic year.
There is no hostel near our Institute. There is not (isn’t) a hostel near our Institute. There are not (aren’t) 3 terms in the academic year.	There was no hostel near our Institute. There was not (wasn’t) a hostel near our Institute. There were not (weren’t) 3 terms in the academic year.	There will be no hostel near our Institute. There will not (won’t) be a hostel near our Institute. There will not (won’t) be 3 terms in the academic year.
Is there a hostel near our Institute? Are there 2 terms in the academic year?	Was there a hostel near our Institute? Were there 2 terms in the academic year?	Will there be a hostel near our Institute? Will there be 2 terms in the academic year?

Отрицательная форма настоящего и прошедшего времени с оборотом there is / are образуется при помощи отрицания not, которое ставится после форм глагола to be.

Отрицательная форма будущего времени с оборотом there is / are образуется при помощи отрицания not, которое ставится после глагола will.

Для образования предложений вопросительной формы настоящего и прошедшего времени с оборотом there is / are глагол to be ставится перед there в соответствующем времени

Is there a bus-stop in his street?

Was there a bus-stop in his street?

Для образования предложений вопросительной формы будущего времени с оборотом there is / are вспомогательный глагол will ставится перед there.

Will there be a bus-stop in his street?

Примечание: Если в предложении с оборотом there is / are имеется перечисление предметов, то глагол to be обычно согласуется с тем существительным, которое следует непосредственно за ним.

There are several laboratories, 2 reading- halls and a library at the disposal of our students.

There is a library, 2 reading- halls and several laboratories at the disposal of our students.