РАЗДЕЛ 2HIGHER EDUCATION IN RUSSIA, GREAT BRITAIN AND THE USA 1. Прослушайте и повторите за диктором слова, обращая внимание на чтение буквы “ j ”. j [ d ] – January, subject, enjoy, just, joint
2. Вспомните, какая еще буква читается [ d ]. Приведите примеры. 3. Найдите в строке слова со звуком [ d ]. Прочтите их вслух. job, big, July, German, gymnastics, leg, join, biology.
4. Прослушайте и повторите за диктором следующие слова, обращая внимание на чтение букв “ c ” и “ x ”.
Прочтите следующие слова. 1. practice, democracy, criticize, civilization, cost 2. ex′clude, six′teen, e′xistence, ′oxygen, e′xamine
6. Прослушайте и повторите за диктором следующие слова. Скажите, сочетание каких букв читается [ f ]. [ f ] – physics, physical, philosophy, photo, telegraph
7. Найдите в строке слова со звуком [ f ]. Прочтите их вслух. phase, rhythm, phenomenon, three, phonetics
8. Прослушайте и повторите за диктором следующие слова.
9. Напишите следующие пары слов в транскрипции и прочтите их вслух. При необходимости воспользуйтесь словарем. crisis – crises, synthesis – syntheses, analysis – analyses, emphasis – emphases
10. Прослушайте и повторите за диктором следующие слова и словосочетания. Постарайтесь запомнить их значения.
11. Прослушайте и повторите за диктором постепенно увеличивающиеся словосочетания. Следите за интонацией. 1. ………………… scientist ……….. Russian scientist the great Russian scientist 2. ……………………………. economy ..………………… national economy ..……. culture and national economy fields of culture and national economy 3. ….…………… specialists …….. qualified specialists highly qualified specialists 4. …………………………………………………... humanities …………………………….. natural sciences and humanities ………………. specialists in natural sciences and humanities …….. qualified specialists in natural sciences and humanities highly qualified specialists in natural sciences and humanities 5. ……………... laboratories …... equipped laboratories well-equipped laboratories 6. ……………………………. conveniences …………………… modern conveniences ………………... all modern conveniences dormitories with all modern conveniences 7. ………………………………………... departments ……………………….correspondence departments ………... part-time and correspondence departments full-time, part-time and correspondence departments Воспроизведите на слух предложения, расширяя их за счет дополнительных компонентов, предлагаемых диктором. Прослушайте текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание. 14. Прочтите утверждения и выберите те из них, которые соответствуют содержанию текста. Воспроизведите выбранные Вами утверждения вслух. 1. The first Moscow University was founded in the 18th century. 2. At first there were music, law, philosophy and philology faculties at the University. 3. Besides full-time and part-time departments there is also a correspondence department at Moscow University. 4. There are 26 faculties at Moscow University. 5. Moscow University trains specialists both in natural sciences and humanities.
15. Найдите существительное, которое может следовать после каждого ряда прилагательных. Прочтите полученные словосочетания.
16. Прочтите следующие слова и словосочетания. Подберите к словам в правой колонке заголовки из левой колонки.
17. Замените пропущенное в предложении слово предлагаемым в скобках. Прочтите вслух.
1. Higher school are … (a) taken, b) preferred, c) divided) into Universities, Institutes and Academies. 2. … (a)Academic, b) Research, c) Optional) subjects are taken by the students at all Universities. 3. Students take … (a) final, b) terminal, c) entrance) examinations at the end of each term. 4. Students of our higher schools receive a monthly … (a) grant, b) profession, c) tradition). 5. At the end of studies students present their … (a) graduation papers, b) entrance exams, c) monthly grants).
18. Обратите внимание на значение словосочетаний: a number of – ряд a great number of – большое количество the number of – число (количество)
1. … (a) The number of, b) A great number of, c) A number of) foreign students have got their education in our country. 2. … (a) A number of, b) A great number of, c) The number of) young specialists trained at our higher schools for foreign countries is over 160000. 3. A British University consists of … (a) the number of, b) a great number of, c) a number of) colleges. 4. … (a) A great number of, b) The number of, c) A number of) states in the USA is 51. 5. … (a) The number of, b) A number of, c) A great number of) our students visiting Western countries is growing.
19. Прослушайте реплику Вашего собеседника и с помощью предлагаемых в скобках словосочетаний попытайтесь получить у него информацию по интересующему Вас вопросу. Варианты ответа: I think so; I don’t think so.
1. A. There is a dormitory near our University. (a student club) B. ………………………………………………… A. ………………………………………………… 2. A. There is a Computer Centre in the new building of our University. (printing-house) B. ………………………………………………… A. ………………………………………………… 3. A. There is a full-time post-graduate course at our University. (extra-mural) B. ………………………………………………… A. ………………………………………………… 4. A. There are ancient Universities in Great Britain. (modern Universities) B. ………………………………………………… A. ………………………………………………… 5. A. There are many technological Universities in Moscow. (small towns of our country) B. ………………………………………………… A. ………………………………………………… 6. A. There is a great number of colleges in the USA. (Great Britain) B. ………………………………………………… A. ………………………………………………… 7. A. There are 4 Institutes at the Moscow State University of Food Production. (Moscow University) B. ………………………………………………… A. …………………………………………………
20. Составьте фразы, пользуясь таблицей. Прочтите их вслух.
21. Прочтите тексты 1 «А» и 1 «В» и ответьте на вопросы после них. 1 «А» Our higher schools may be divided into Universities, specialized Institutes and Academies. There are Universities in big industrial cities. At present some major Institutes of the country have got the University status. Classical Universities train highly qualified specialists in various branches of natural sciences and humanities while specialized Institutes, Academies and Technological Universities of our country train specialists for various fields of culture or national economy. Most of them are polytechnic in nature. For example, Food Technological Universities train food technologists for various branches of the food industry as well as economists, managers, mechanical engineers and food machinery designers. At Institutes and Universities students carry on research. Now colleges, gymnasiums and lyceums are being established on the basis of higher schools all over the country. Some of them train entrants to these higher schools, others provide specialized secondary education. 1 «В» There are Universities and a great number of colleges in Great Britain and in the USA. Most British Universities train specialists in art and science. American Universities train students mostly for business and industry. British Universities grant their own degrees. A British college is a university institution which can’t give its own degrees. London University includes 40 such colleges situated in various parts of London and it grants degrees to them. An American college is a higher school which gives degrees. While in Oxford and Cambridge there is a number of colleges with their own courses of studies where students live, have their meals and study, new British Universities consist of various faculties. Most American Universities have a central campus (Университетский городок) with a great number of various colleges on it. British and American students carry on research at the Universities. After completing the course of study British and American students get a Bachelor’s degree which corresponds to the Diploma of Higher Education in Russia. After a year of post-graduate study and research young people may get a Master’s degree. Doctor of Philosophy is given for three or more further years of research and the submission of a thesis. It corresponds to the Russian Candidate of Science degree. The highest degree is Doctor of Science which corresponds to the Russian Doctor of Science.
Questions: 1. How are higher schools divided in Russia, Great Britain and the USA? 2. What is the difference between British and American colleges? 3. What are the main degrees at higher schools in Great Britain and the USA? 4. What is your idea of training Bachelors and Masters at your University?
22. Прочтите текст и объясните по-английски, как Вы поняли значение слова “ tutor ”. The tutorial system of teaching is typical of Oxford and Cambridge, the most ancient Universities of Great Britain. Every student has a tutor who plans his work. A tutor carries on his own research and directs a group of 10-15 students. Each student is to write papers on the subject he is studying and submit them to the tutor once a week for correction and discussion. The tutor is of great help to his students. He knows all about their life inside and outside the college.
23. Прочтите текст и скажите, отличается ли система обучения в вузах нашей страны от системы обучения в Оксфордском и Кембриджском университетах. Students of higher schools in our country have lectures and practical hours. They attend lectures on different subjects such as Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and others and take notes. During practical hours they study the material of the lectures. Students also make experiments and carry on research in the laboratories and workshops of their Universities. The laboratories of the Universities are equipped with up–to–date apparatuses and there is a library and reading rooms where students can borrow books and journals. 24. 1) Прочтите диалог. Подумайте и решите, кто может вести такой диалог. Представьте собеседников: А -?, В -? 2) Скажите по-английски, какая общая проблема беспокоит собеседников. Используйте фразы: It seems to me that ………………………… I think that …………………………………. I suppose that ……………………………… To my mind (по-моему) ……………….. In my opinion
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