Important Materials in Your Food

Foods contain different materials that help your body to stay strong and healthy. The most important of these are known to be proteins. They are absolutely necessary for building and repairing our bodies. Proteins consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and other elements, such as phosphorus and sulphur. Proteins are built up of smaller units, the amino-acids. The richest sources of proteins are such animal foods as meat, fish, cheese, eggs, and such vegetable foods as bread, peas.

Sugars and starches, known as carbohydrates, are digested rather quickly and supply energy for the body. They are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Foods rich in carbohydrates are fruit, honey, bread, potatoes, rice.

Fats are also made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Fatty foods are considered to be good sources of energy, but people who eat too much of them become overweight. Fats are found in butter, cream, milk, oily fish, meat, olive oil.

There are more than 20 different minerals in the body. The hu­man body contains 65 % oxygen, 18 % carbon, 10 % hydrogen, 3 % nitrogen, about 2 % calcium and 1 % phosphorus. Then there are small quantities of sulphur, chlorine, magnesium, iron, copper, iodine, zinc and others.

Three of the most important minerals are calcium, phosphorus and iron. Calcium and phosphorus work together. Milk and hard cheeses are the best sources of calcium. Calcium compounds are present in fruits, vegetables and fish, phosphates in eggs, meat and fish.

The red colour of the blood is the colour of the hemoglobin, which contains one atom of iron among its ten thousand atoms. As iron carries oxygen, people who do not have enough iron do not get enough oxygen for their normal activities. Iron is found in kidney, liver, other meat products, some vegetables, dried fruits and bread.

A small quantity of iodine is also necessary for good nutri­tion - probably less than one ten-thousandth of a gramme daily. Sea foods are rich in this element.

Nutritionists think there are 13 vitamins that humans need. Vi­tamins are important because they prevent diseases and help to con­trol body processes. Vitamin A is important for healthy skin and eyes. People who do not have enough vitamin A may have night blindness. Vitamin A in the diet comes from deep yellow fruits and vegetables, such as carrots, dark green leafy vegetables and milk, liver, cod-liver oil.

When people have enough В vitamins, their appetite is good and their nerves are calm. В vitamins come from meat and vegeta­bles, milk, cheese and whole grain. Vitamin С helps skin tissues to recover from cuts and burns. Vitamin С is supplied by tomatoes, citrus fruits like lemons and or­angey by cabbage and green peppers. Rose-hip syrup and blackcur­rants also supply it. Vitamin D is called the “sunshine” vitamin. When people are outside, ultraviolet rays from the sun change some fat in their skin to vitamin D. It is also in cod-liver oil, in the yellow of the eggs, milk and butter. Vitamin D helps the body to absorb calcium. Other vitamins prevent other diseases, but all of them have a function in normal nutrition (2500).

Translate into English.

Выбор и обоснование направлений использования ферментных препаратов в производстве мучных кондитерских изделий.

Одно из перспективных направлений проектирования рецептурных составов пищевых продуктов связано с использованием ферментных препаратов. Ферменты играют очень важную роль в пищевой промышленности, способствую или препятствуя осуществлению ряда технологических процессов. Например, превращение исходного сырья в готовые продукты в таких отраслях пищевой промышленности, как виноделие, пивоварение, производство спирта, хлебопечение, сыроделие, производство кисломолочных продуктов, осуществляется при участии ферментов (450).

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