TRANSLATION PRACTICETEXT 1. Read the following text and do the translation in written form.
EYE CONTACT. In many Western societies, including the United States, a person who does not maintain “good eye contact” is regarded as being slightly suspicious, or a “shifty” character. Americans unconsciously associate people who avoid eye contact as unfriendly insecure, untrustworthy, inattentive and impersonal. However, in contrast, Japanese children are taught in school to direct their gaze at the region of their teacher’s Adam’s apple or tie knot, and, as adults, Japanese lower their eyes when speaking to a superior, a gesture of respect. Latin American cultures, as well as some of African cultures, such as Nigeria, have longer looking time, but prolonged time contact from an individual of lower status is considered disrespectful. In the US, it is considered rude to stare- regardless of who is looking at whom. In contract, the polite Englishman is taught to pay strict attention to a speaker, to listen carefully, and to blink his eyes to let the speaker know he or she has been understood as well as heard. Americans signal interest and comprehension by bobbing their heads or grunting. A widening of the eyes can also be interpreted differently, depending on circumstances and culture. Take, for example, the case of an American and a Chinese discussing the terms of a proposed contract. Regardless of the language in which the proposed contract is carried out, the US negotiator may interpret a Chinese person’s widened eyes as an expression of astonishment instead of as a danger signal (its true meaning) of politely expressed anger.
SMALL TALK.
How to make small talk.
I. Read the article below about small talk to find: a) what small talk is; b) three topics that you can make small talk about; c) two topics that you can’t make small talk about; d) two tips for managing small talk.
WHAT IS SMALL TALK?
Your company sends you to an important international conference in the USA. While you are traveling from the hotel to the conference centre you meet somebody who works for the Spanish division of your company for the first time. The conversation that you have will probably be what we call small talk.
What do people make small talk about? There are certain safe topics that people usually make small talk about. The weather is probably the number one thing. Sometimes even friends and family members discuss the weather when they meet or start a conversation. Sports news is a common topic, especially if a local team is doing extremely well or badly. If there is something that you and the other people have in common, that may also be acceptable to talk about. For example, if the bus is full and there are no seats available you might talk about reasons why. There are also some subjects that are not considered acceptable when making small talk. Personal information such as salaries or divorce are not talked about between people who do not know each other well. Negative comments about another person not involved in the conversation are also not acceptable; when you do not know a person well you cannot be sure who their friends are. It is also not wise to continue talking about an issue that the other person does not seem comfortably with or interested in. Lastly, avoid one word answers and ask questions to show that you want to keep the conversation going.
II Many people say that the worst part of a business meeting is lunch! When you don’t know your business partner very well, it can be difficult to find “safe” non-business topics. Look at the topics below and discuss which ones are safe and which might cause offence. You may add other examples of safe topics or topics that might cause offence.
Personal topics:General interest topics: Family Films Marriage or relationships Sport Hobbies or special interests Travel Religious beliefs Art and architecture
The other person’s country: Topics people have strong opinions about: Climate World affairs Political situation Social problems Food/customs Environment History Money
III. Look at the tips for small talk below. Do you think the tips are useful?
Technique 1. Always wear a Whatzit.
Some people have developed a clever technique that works well for social or corporate networking purposes. The technique requires no special skill on your part, only the courage to wear a Whatzit. A Whatzit is anything unusual – a unique brooch, an interesting scarf, a strange tie, a funny hat. A Whatzit is any object that draws people’s attention so that they walk over and ask: “Uh, what’s that?”
Technique 2. Whoozat?
What to do when you haven’t got a Whatzit… Like a politician, go to the host and say, “That man/woman over there looks interesting. Who is he/she?“ Then ask for an introduction. or Find out about the stranger’s job, interests or hobbies. The host might say, “Oh, that’s Joe Smith. I’m not sure what his job is, but I know he loves to ski.” Aha, you’ve just been given the icebreaker you need. Now walk over to Joe Smith and say, ”Hi, you’re Joe Smith, aren’t you? Susan was just telling me what a great skier you are. Where do you ski?”
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