Healthy foodAll food is made up of nutrients which our bodies use. There are different kinds of nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. Different foods contain different nutrients. Before we cut down on fat, sugar and salt, we have to know a bit more about the kind of food these things might be in. The biggest problem comes when these things are hidden in other foods: biscuits, crisps, sausages, meat pies, soft drinks and so on. The best way is to get into the habit of checking the ingredients and nutritional value on the sides of packets although this isn't always easy to do. Another thing to know is, for example, that we do need fat to live, it's an essential part of our diet and physically we couldn't exist without it. But we all know that to eat much fat is bad for our health. The matter is that there are different kinds of fat. There are fats that are good for us and fats that are bad for us. Eating less of the bad ones and more of the good ones can actually help us to live longer! Bad fats are the saturated fats, found in animal productions, like red meat, butter and cheese. Friendly fats are the unprocessed fats found naturally in foods like nuts and seeds, olives, avocados and oily fish, including tuna. One more thing to know is that when food is cooked, its structure changes. It can change the vitamin and nutrient contents of food. More and more people feel strongly about the way, their food is produced. Nowadays so much of the basic food we eat — meat, fish, fruit and vegetables — is grown using chemicals and additives. Although fertilizers and pesticides have greatly increased the quantity of food and helped to improve its appearance, there is a growing concern about the effects of these chemicals in the food chain. This concern has led to a growth in the demand for organically grown products. Today there is another problem. It is modified food, which is cheaper that ordinary one. There is a rumour that such food can cause cancer and other problems. Nobody knows, either it is just an imagined fear or a real problem. This problem could be solved and examined, but it will take some time. The food we eat depends on lots of things. Taste is a big factor. Culture, religion and health also play a part in what food we eat. Advertising and social factors also have a big influence. Income is also an important factor. That is why not surprisingly, money, rather than a lack of knowledge about how to eat well, is at the heart of the problem. Finally, there are three main messages to follow for healthy eating: First, we should eat less fat, particularly saturated fat. Secondly, we are to cut down on sugar and salt. Thirdly, we must eat more fresh fruit and vegetables. Questions: 1. How many meals a day do you usually have? 2. How many courses does your lunch (dinner) usually consist of? 3. What is your favourite dish? 4. How often do you eat out? 5. Can you cook? 6. What nutrients do you know? 7. What are the main things to know about food we eat? 8. What fats are good? 9. What fats are dangerous for our health? 10.What are the main factors that determine the food we eat? Vocabulary: food пища, съестные припасы fresh свежий diet диета to be on a diet быть на диете groats крупа buck wheat гречневая крупа rice рис semolina манная крупа corn кукуруза corn flakes кукурузные хлопья beef говядина pork свинина mutton (lamb) баранина veal телятина cutlet рубленая котлета salami копченая колбаса ham ветчина cold pork буженина herring селедка salmon лосось, семга (амер. горбуша) shrimp (prawn) креветка cottage cheese творог carrot морковь cabbage капуста onion лук garlic чеснок pepper перец dills укроп parsley петрушка grapes виноград pear груша plum слива cherry вишня, черешня peach персик lemon лимон orange апельсин pine-apple ананас tangerine мандарин melon дыня water-melon арбуз strawberry клубника, земляника raspberry малина currant смородина nut орех seeds семечки soft-drinks безалкогольные напитки honey мед jam варенье jar of jam банка варенья to have tea пить чай to be hungry быть голодным to be thirsty хотеть пить help yourself угощайтесь macaroni (pasta) макароны waiter (waitress) официант, -ка order заказ can I have могу я заказать for a first coarse на 1-е блюдо for a main на 2-е for dessert на десерт it tastes good вкусно to cook (food) готовить stuff фарш plate тарелка fork вилка spoon ложка knife нож it goes without saying само собой разумеется to prefer предпочитать scrambled eggs яичница pancakes блины, оладьи short of time не хватает времени couple пара, два sandwich бутерброд to have a snack перекусить to keep smb going для поддержания сил canteen столовая leaves much to be desired оставляет желать лучшего to serve обслуживать, подавать a chop котлета watery водянистый mashed potatoes картофельное пюре cocoa какао stewed fruit компот delicious вкусный various разнообразный to begin with для начала salad салат tomato помидор cucumber огурец mixed смешанный noodle soup куриный суп с лапшой mushroom soup грибной суп cabbage soup щи for a change для разнообразия steak бифштекс to boil варить to fry жарить green peas зеленый горошек to make smb to do smth заставлять кого-то делать что-то from time to time время от времени berries ягоды vegetarian вегетарианец brain мозги juice сок slice ломтик, кусочек cheeseburger чизбургер hamburger гамбургер apple pie яблочный пирог fruit cocktail фруктовый коктейль afford позволять себе prefer smth to smth предпочитать что-то чему-то it's not very healthy вредно для здоровья nutrient питательное веществ carbohydrate углевод protein белок, протеин fat жир to contain содержать to cut down on зд. уменьшить прием чего-л. to hide (past hid, p.p. hidden) прятать, спрятать crisp ломкий, хрупкий to get into the habit of зд. взять за привычку essential существенный, жизненно важный saturated fat жиры с высоким содержанием насыщенных жирных кислот unprocessed fat необработанные жиры seed семя, семечко avocado авокадо, аллигаторова груша tuna тунец additive добавка fertilizer удобрение pesticide пестицид, ядохимикат to increase увеличить to improve улучшить concern интерес, участие food chain пищевая цепочка demand потребность modified food модифицированная еда rumour молва, слух(и), слушок, толки to cause быть причиной, вызывать cancer рак (онкология) fear страх, боязнь, опасение Dialogue: - How do you like the soup? - Awfully nice really. Don't you think so? - Yes, it is indeed. Pass me the salt, please. - Here you are. Some more bread? - Yes, please. - What comes next, Ann? - Pork chops with roast potatoes. - And what follows that? - Wouldn't you like to make a guess? - Stewed apricots as usual, I suppose. - There you are wrong, John. It's apple pudding with whipped cream. - Apple pudding and with whipped cream! My, isn't it fine? - I'm happy that I've suited your taste. Translate into English: 1. Каждое утро я ем кукурузные хлопья с молоком. 2. Англичане пьют чай со сливками, а не с лимоном. Такой чай они называют "русский чай". 3. Моя подруга - вегетарианка, и поэтому она обычно ест овощи, фрукты, ягоды, молочные продукты и иногда рыбу. 4. Я сейчас на диете и поэтому съем только немного вареного мяса и овощей. 5. Наша семья любит овощи, и летом и зимой мама часто готовит нам салаты. 6. Какой суп ты хочешь? Грибной. Только пусть мама сварит его. Он будет тогда гораздо вкуснее. 7. Разрешите предложить вам еще чашку кофе? Спасибо, не кладите много сахару, пожалуйста. 8. Что ты заказал на второе? Еще ничего, но закажу котлеты с макаронами. А я макаронам предпочитаю картофель, поэтому я возьму курицу с пюре. 9. Я очень хочу пить! Сегодня очень жарко. 10. Это фирменное блюдо в этом ресторане.
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