Grammar exercises
Ex 1. Define the kinds of attributive clauses (of time, place, cause and condition), translate into Russian. 1. When Mc Donald’s opened in 1954 it started a trend that has continued. 2. After Brenda came home last night, she made a few phone calls. 3. I can’t go to sleep tonight until I finish studying for my economics exam. 4. Go back where you came from. 5. I hope to visit you whenever I come to St. Petersburg. 6. Then Mark came to New York where he remained three years. 7. I waited while she took off her hat. 8. If I turn out to be mistaken, I’ll apologize to you. 9. As soon as I come home I’ll call you. 10. I won’t leave home until I finish my composition. 11. If you are not satisfied with my plan, I have nothing else to suggest. 12. I’ll remember our meeting as long as I live. 13. Don't make a final decision before you’ve got all the necessary information. 14. Since he is not interested in classical music, he never goes to the concerts. 15. Whenever she came to us, she was always in a bad mood. 16. We won’t go away until we have solved the problem. 17. What will you do if you friend is late? You can miss the train. 18. Please let me know as soon as you get news from your partner. 19. Wherever you go far a holiday, I’ll join you with pleasure. 20. The cafeteria food improved, when the college hired a new food manager. 21. Wherever they met, they always started to quarrel. 22. You can stay in the classroom after the lesson providing you don’t make too much noise. 23. I had hardly entered the room when I heard John’s angry words.
Ex2: Insert conjunctions of: a) Time 1. You will stay with me, Marry, (до тех пор пока) your mother comes.2. I am sure you will change your mind (после того как) you have seen him. 3. I will not forget my trip to Paris (до тех пор пока) I live. 4. My secretary will contact you (когда) we get your documents. 5. We will leave the house (как только) the rain stops. 6. Let us start (когда) it gets warmer. B) Condition 1. (если) You study hard you will pass your exam. 2. You can’t get a driver’s license (если не) you are 18 years old. 3. I’ll give you my office’s phone number (на случай если) you need to get in touch with me. 4. You will feel hungry during class (если не) you eat breakfast. 5. I don’t think you need any more information but (в случае) you do you can call me. 6. I’ll come to meeting (при условии что) somebody can give me a ride. C) Place 1. (Куда бы) I go I always meet this strange man. 2. He came (оттуда где) there was no winter at all. 3. We looked (куда) she pointed. 4. Begin to read (с того места где) Andrew stopped. 5. Why didn’t you stay (там где) you were out in Italy. D) Cause 1. I hope to get a job as an interpreter (поскольку) I know English perfectly. 2. (так как) sunday is a holliday, a lot of offices are closed. 3. The Berlin Wall was torn down (потому что) it was a symbol of oppression. 4. (так как) Subway fares are going up tomorrow, I’ll buy extra tokens tonight. 5. (поскольку) Tom and David love basketball, they often shoot baskets after school.
Ex. 3. Complete the following using adverbial clauses of: a.) Time 1.) We`ll have a big party when… 2.) Where are you going after… 3.) I`ll try to get in touch with you as soon as… 4.) Everybody burst out laughing when…. 5.) She`ll have to stay at home till… 6.) They won`t change their decisions until… 7.) You`ll fell more comfortable after… b.) Condition 1.) You can`t see the doctor unless… 2.) Provided that no one objects… 3.) … unless I get a higher salary. 4.) You`ll enter the university providing that… 5.) I`ll promise to tell you everything on condition… 6.) I`ll come home in time if… c.) Place 1.) We met where… 2.) A car stopped where… 3.) Begin to write from where… 4.) She started crying wherever… 5.) They arrived from where… d.) Cause 1.) We don`t insist on your joining us because… 2.) I`ll stay at home today so that… 3.) We had to leave early because… 4.) He takes no execise to keep fit as… 5.) Since we don`t trust each other…
Ex. 4. Choose the correct word or expression for next sentence
1. I`ll leave you
You want me to stay. 2. You`ll miss the last train as long as you hurry. Unless________ 3. He considers people his friends providing he trusts them. As long as___________ 4. We are going to play soccer tomorrow unless it`s raining. Providing_________________ 5. I`ll let you use my car unless you drive carefully. As long as_______ 6. We`ll take the 7.30 flight to L.A. providing we can get the tickets. Unless______________ 7. He`ll lend you money as long as you pay him back in due time. Providing_________________
Ex.5. Join these sentences with a subordinating conjunction (more than one correct answer is possible)
Ex. 6. Translate into English using adverbial causes of: a.) Time
1. Как только я увидела его, я всё поняла. 2. Когда полицейские ворвались в универмаг, грабители бросили сумки на пол и сдались. 3. Студенты обрадовались после того, как преподаватель отменил контрольную работу. 4. Пока он говорил, я всё больше убеждался, что где-то видел его раньше. 5. Поговорите с ней, пока она в хорошем настроении. 6. Не беритесь за эту работу до тех пор, пока не узнаете все условия. b.) Condition. 1. Здесь можно курить при условии, что окна будут открыты. 2. Он не окажет вам помощь, если вы как следует не попросите его об этом. 3. Вы скоро поправитесь, если будете выполнять все предписания врача. 4. Я надеюсь, что если вернусь через 20 минут, вы уже закончите всю работу. 5. Ты успешно сдашь экзамен, но только, если будешь много заниматься. c.) Place. 1.Куд бы ты не поехала, последую за тобой. 2. Продолжайте рассказывать стихотворение с того места, где вы остановились. 3. Местные жители были дружелюбны к туристам, куда бы они ни пошли. 4. Мы решили встретиться там, где встречались всегда. d.) Cause.
Ex. 7 Translate into English.
Ex.8: Insert conjunctions (if, for, when, yet, as, because, since). The first semester of college is for many students… they must take on many new responsibilities. For instance, they must create their own schedules. New students get to select their courses. In addition, they have to decide… they will take them. Students also must purchase their own textbooks,… colleges do not distribute textbooks each term,… high school do. No bells rings to announce… classes begin. …students are supposed to arrive in time. Furthermore, many professors do not call the roll, … they expect students to attend classes regularly and know their assignments. New students must be self-disciplined. No one stands over them telling them to do their homework. Students must control temptation to have fun… they desire to build successful future. Ex.9: Use articles or pronouns where necessary. Dear Dad, I was glad to get… letter. It came… few days ago, but I’ve been pretty busy, I`ve been painting… boat. It`s… hard work. David, … friend of mine, has been helping me. Oh! Thanks for… check you sent in… letter. I was really happy to get it. I made…car payment and had enough left to buy… cans of… paint for… boat. By… way, I don`t have… job… yet. In… way, I’m lucky that I still haven’t found… job. If I had to go to… work every day, how would I find… time to work on… boat? It takes… lot of … time and… hard work. I`ve got to stop writing now, David`s leaving, and I want him to mail… letter to me. Love, Peter.
Ex.10. Make up dialogue (turning indirect into direct speech). Add all the necessary details. Finish the dialogue. I told Jack I didn`t want to go to Helen`s party. He said he was going, and asked me why I didn`t wan to go. I told him I just didn`t want to go. I said I`d much rather stay home and watch TV, and I asked Jack if he would call Helen for me. At first, he didn`t want to, but then he said he would. He asked me what to tell her, and I said to tell her anything he wanted to. I told him he could tell her I was coming down with a cold. But Jack said he couldn`t do that. He said he didn`t want to tell a lie. I told Jack that Helen wouldn`t know he was not telling the truth. I told him to tell her I was developing a bad sore throat, and said I was sure she would believe him. Jack said he was ashamed of me. He said I should just tell Helen the truth. But I said I didn`t want to hurt Helen`s feeling. I said I`d rather tell a lie than hurt her feelings.
Ex. 11. Put the infinitives in brackets in the proper tense-forms.
I often (not to lose) things and I (to be) especially careful with money, so I quite (to be surprised) when I (to reach for) my wallet and it (not to be) there. At first, I (to think) it (to be) possible that I (can leave) it at home. Then I (to remember) taking it out to pay for the taxi, so I (to know) I (to have) it with me just before I (to walk) into the restaurant. I (to wonder) if it (to be) possible that it (can slip) out of my pocket while I (to eat) dinner. So I (to turn) and (to walk) back to the table where I (to sit). I (to call) a waiter and (to explain) to him that my wallet (to fall) out of my pocket while I (to sit) at that table a few minutes earlier. While the waiter (to look for) it, the manager of the restaurant (to come), up to me and (to ask) if anything (to be wrong). I (to tell) the manager what (to happen). I (to be) in a hurry and I (to explain) to him that my biggest worry at the moment (to be) how I (to be going) to pay the check. He (to tell) me not to worry about that. He (to write down) my name and address, and (to say) he (to send) me a bill.
Ex. 12. Translate the sentences into English paying attention to the use of tenses.
1. Советую тебе согласиться на работу в этой фирме. Ты ищешь работу уже два месяца, и это- первое подходящее место, которое ты нашла. 2. Где ты был вчера с 8.00 до 9.00 вечера? Я звонил тебе, чтобы рассказать о том, что я выиграл приз за лучшую игру. 3. Эл вошел в церковь и остановился. Он увидел Эби. Она стояла на коленях и молилась. Эл прислушался и, к своему удивлению, услышал, что Эби все время повторяет его имя. Он тихо вышел из церкви. 4. Эндрю пытался объяснить полицейским, что он живет в этом доме, но он оставил ключи внутри, когда уезжал на работу и теперь не может открыть свою дверь. Но полицейские не поверили ему и увезли Эндрю в полицейский участок. 5. Энн узнала о том, что ее маму увезли в больницу, и сразу поехала туда. Когда он добралась до больницы, ей сказали, что ее маму сейчас оперируют. Энн прождала два часа, пока ей не сообщили, что с мамой все в порядке, и она может пройти к ней в палату. 6. Впервые американское правительство исследовало НЛО в 1940-х годах. Многие свидетели утверждают, что видели в небе яркие предметы в виде дисков. Сейчас правительство официально не исследует НЛО, однако многие полагают, что такие исследования тайно продолжаются. 7. Сенбернары - легендарные собаки, известные своей храбростью. Они работают в спасательных группах в горах Швейцарии. Всего сенбернары спасли более 2 тысяч человек. Эти собаки известны уже несколько сотен лет, а свое имя получили лишь 100 лет назад по приюту в Швейцарских Альпах. Notes: НЛО-UFO (unidentified flying object) Сенбернар- a Saint Bernard.
Ex.13: Complete the sentences with so or because. Add COMMAS where appropriate. CAPITALIZE as necessary. 1. a. He was hungry ___ / s0 ______ he ate a sandwich. b. Because _____ he was hungry ^ he ate a sandwich. c. He ate a sandwich because _____ he was hungry. 2. a. ____________ my sister was tired she went to bed. b. My sister went to bed ____________ she was tired. c. My sister was tired ____________ she went to bed. 3. a. ____________ human beings have opposable thumbs they can easily pick things up and hold them. b. Human beings have opposable thumbs ____________ they can easily pick things up and hold them. c. Human beings can easily pick things up and hold them ____________ they have opposable thumbs. 4. a. Schoolchildren can usually identify Italy easily on a world map ____________ it is shaped like a boot. b. ____________ Italy has the distinctive shape of a boot schoolchildren can usually identify it easily. c. Italy has the distinctive shape of a boot ____________ schoolchildren can usually identify it easily on a map.
Ex.14: Complete the sentences by changing the quoted speech to reported speech Practice using the formal sequence of tenses.
1. Bob said, "Where do you live?" Bob asked me where I lived. ________________ 2. He said, "Do you live in the dorm?" He asked me ______________ 3. I said, "I have my own apartment." I told him _______________ 4. He said, "I'm looking for a new apartment." He said _____________________ 5. He said, "I don't like living in the dorm." He told me __________________ 6. I said, "Do you want to move in with me?" I asked him ___________________ 7. He said, "Where is your apartment?" He asked me _______________ 8. I said, "I live on Seventh Avenue." I told him _______________ 9. He said, "I can't move until the end of the semester." He said _____________ 10. He said, "I will cancel my dorm contract at the end of the semester." He told me 11. He said, "Is that okay? "He asked me ________________________________ 12. I said, "I'm looking forward to having you as a roommate." I told him ____________________________
Ex.15: Change the reported speech to quotations. Use quotation marks.
1. Eric asked me if I had ever gone skydiving. Eric said, "Have you ever gone skydiving?" _____
2. Chris wanted to know if I would be at the meeting. Chris said_________ 3. Kate wondered whether I was going to quit my job. Kate said___________________________________ 4. Anna asked her friend where his car was. Anna said__________________________________ 5. Brian asked me what I had done after class yesterday. Brian said _________________ 6. Luigi asked me if I knew Italian. Luigi said ________________ 7. Debra wanted to know if I could guess what she had in her pocket. Debra asked_________________________________ 8. My boss wanted to know why I wasn't working at my desk and why I was wasting the company's time. My boss angrily asked me
Ex.16: Complete the sentences by changing the sentences in quotation marks to noun clauses. Practice using the formal sequence of tenses.
1. "Where do you live?"; Tom asked me... where I lived. 2. "Do you live in the dorm?"; He asked me... if I lived in the dorm. 3. "I stole the money."; The thief admitted... that he had stolen the money 4. "Where is Jane?"; Ed asked me.... 5. "I'm going to quit school and get a job."; Jessica announced.... 6. "Did you mail the letter?"; Tim asked me.... 7. "What are you thinking about?"; Karen asked me.... 8. "/ have to go to the drug store."; Steve said.... 9. "/ can't pick you up at the airport."; Alice told me.... 10. "I will take a taxi."; I told her.... 11. "You should speak English as much as possible."; My teacher told me.... 12. "Do you like spaghetti?"; Don asked me.... 13. "Have you already eaten dinner?"; Sue asked me.... 14. "Did you finish your work?"; Jackie asked me....
Ex.17: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb (active or passive in parentheses. 1. Yesterday our teacher (arrive) ___ arrived ____ five minutes late. 2. The morning paper (read) _____________ by over 200,000 people every day. 3. Last night my favourite TV program (interrupt) _________________________ by a special news bulletin. 4. That's not my coat. It {belong) _____________ to Louise. 5. Our mail (deliver) ________________ before noon every day. 6. The "b" in "comb" (pronounce, not) ___________________ It is silent. 7. A bad accident {happen) ____________ on Highway 95 last night 8. When I (arrive) _____________ at the airport yesterday, I (meet) _____________ by my cousin and a couple of her friends. 9. Yesterday I (hear) _____________ about Margaret's divorce. I (surprise) _________________ by the news. Janice (shock) 10. A new house (build) ___________________ next to ours next year. 11. Roberto (write) _______________ this composition last week. That one (write) _______________ by Abdullah. 12. Radium (discover) __________ by Marie and Pierre Curie in 898. 13. At the soccer game yesterday, the winning goal (kick) _________by Luigi. Over 100,000 people (attend) _________ the soccer game. 14. A: Do you understand the explanation in the book? B: No, I don't. I (confuse) _______________ by it. 15. A: Where are you going to go to school next year? B: I (accept) ___________________ by Shoreline Community College. 16. A: I think football is too violent. B: I (agree) _____________ with you. I (prefer) ___________ baseball. 17. A: When (your bike, steal) _______________________? B: Two days ago. 18. A: (you, pay) ___________________ your electric bill yet? B: No, I haven't, but I'd better pay it today. If I don't, my electricity (shut off) __________________ by the power company. 19. A: Did you hear about the accident? B: No. What (happen) ____________? A: A bicyclist (hit) ____________ by a taxi in front of the dorm. B: (the bicyclist, injure) ______________________? A: Yes. Someone (ca//) ____________ an ambulance. The bicyclist (take) _______________ to City Hospital and (treat) _______________ in the emergency ward for cuts and bruises. B: What (happen) ____________ to the taxi driver? A: He (arrest) _______________ for reckless driving. B: He's lucky that the bicyclist (kill, not) _________________. 20. The Eiffel Tower (be) ______ in Paris, France. It (visit) ________ by millions of people every year. It (design) ——————————————— by Alexandre Eiffel (1832-1923). It (erect) _________________ in 1889 for the Paris exposition. Since that time, it (be) ___________ the most famous landmark in Paris. Today it (recognize) __________ by people throughout the world.
EX18: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs (active or passive) in parentheses.
1. This book (have to return) ___________________ to the library today. 2. The other books (return) ____________________ yesterday. 3. That book (should return) ____________________ tomorrow. 4. These letters (be going to mail) ___________________tomorrow. 5. That letter (ought to send) ___________________ immediately. 6. This letter (must send) ___________________today. 7. Those letter (arrive) ___________________ yesterday. 8. I don't have my car today. It's in the garage. It (repair) ______________________ right now. 9. Kate didn't have her car last week because it was in the garage while I (repair) ___________________, she took the bus to work. 10. The mechanic (repair) __________,________ Tina's car last week. 11. Glass (make) ___________________ from sand. 12. You (should carry, not) ___________________ large sums of money with you. 13. Large sums of money (ought to keep) ___________________ in a bank, don't you think? 14. At our high school, the students' grades (send) _____________ to their parents four times each year. 15. I'm sorry, but the computer job is no longer available. A new computer programmer (hire, already) ____________________. 16. Household cleaning agents (must use) __________________ with care. For example, mixing chlorine bleach with ammonia (can produce) ____________________ toxic gases. 17. What products (manufacture) ____________________ in your country? 18. Aluminum* is a valuable metal that (can use) ______________ again and again. Because this metal (can recycle) ____________________ _, aluminum cans (should throw away, not) 19. Endangered wildlife (must protect) ___________________ from extinction. 20. People with the moral courage to fight against injustices (can find) ____________________ in every corner of the world.
Ex 19: Choose the correct form (-ing or -ed) of the words in parentheses.
1. Don't bother to read that book, it' s(boring, bored).
2. The students are (interesting, interested) in learning more about the subject. 3. Ms. Green doesn't explain things well. The students are (confusing, confused). 4. Have you heard the latest news? It's really (exciting, excited). 5. I don't understand these directions. I'm (confusing, confused). 6. I read an (interesting, interested) article in the newspaper this morning. 7. I heard some (surprising, surprised) news on the radio. 8. I'm (boring, bored). Let's do something. How about going to a movie? 9. Mr. Sawyer bores me. I think he is a (boring, bored) person. 10. Mr. Ball fascinates me. I think he is a (fascinating, fascinated) person. 11. Most young children are (fascinating, fascinated) by animals. 12. Young children think that animals are (fascinating, fascinated). 13. I was very (embarrassing, embarrassed) yesterday when I spilled my drink on the dinner table. 14. That was an (embarrassing, embarrassed) experience. 15. 15.I read a (shocking, shocked) report yesterday on the number of children who die from starvation in the world every day. I was really (shocking, shocked). 16. The children went to a circus. For them, the circus was (exciting, excited). The (exciting, excited) children jumped up and down. Ex.20: Complete the sentences with the expressions in the list. Use the Present Indefinite Tense be acquainted be broken be composed be crowded be disappointed be exhausted be located be lost be mad e be qualified be related be satisfied be related be scared be spoiled be worried 1. Dennis isn't doing well in school this semester. He is worried about his grades. 2. My shirt _______________ of cotton. 3. I live in a one-room apartment with four other people. Our apartment 4. Vietnam _______________ in Southeast Asia. 5. I'm going to go straight to bed tonight. It's been a hard day. 6. I ________________ to Jessica Adams. She's my cousin. 7. Excuse me, sir, but I think I _______________. Could you please tell me how to get to the bus station from here? 8. My tape recorder doesn't work. It ________________. 9. We leave a light on in our son's bedroom at night because he ________________ of the dark. 10. Alice thinks her boss should pay her more money. She _______ not ________________ with her present salary. 11. The children ________________. I had promised to take them to the beach today, but now we can't go because it's raining. 12. ________ you ________________ with Mrs. Novinsky? Have you ever met her? 13. According to the job description, an applicant must have a Master's degree and at least five years of teaching experience. Unfortunately, I _______ not _______________ for that job. 14. This milk doesn't taste right. I think it ________________. I'm not going to drink it. 15. Water _______________ of hydrogen and oxygen.
Ex.21: Complete the sentences with appropriate prepositions.
1. The day before Christmas, the stores are crowded With last-minute shoppers. 2. Are you qualified ______ that job? 3. Mr. Heath loves his family very much. He is devoted ______ them. 4. Our dog runs under the bed during storms. He's terrified ______thunder. 5. My sister is married ______ a law student. 6. Are you prepared ______ the test? 7. I'll be finished ______ my work in another minute or two. 8. Jason is excited ______ going to Hollywood. 9. Ms. Brown is opposed ______ the new tax plan. 10. Jane isn't satisfied ______ her present apartment. She's looking for a new one. 11..I failed the test because I didn't study. I'm disappointed ______ myself. 12. Janet doesn't take good care of herself. I'm worried ______ her health. 13. I'm tired _______ this rainy weather. I hope the sun shines tomorrow. 14. In terms of evolution, a hippopotamus is related ______ a horse. 15. The students are involved ______ many extracurricular activities. 16. Are you acquainted ______ this author? I think her books are excellent. 17. When will you be done ______ your work? 18. I'm starving! Right now I'm interested ______ only one thing: food. 19. The children want some new toys. They're bored ______ their old ones. 20. Sam is engaged ______ his childhood sweetheart. 21. Our daughter is scared______dogs. 22. You've done a good job. You should be very pleased ______ yourself.
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