To BD or not to BD: functional neuroimaging and the boundaries of bipolarity

Full Text

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

January 2013, Vol. 13, No. 1, Pages 75-87, DOI 10.1586/ern.12.126

(doi:10.1586/ern.12.126)

 

To BD or not to BD: functional neuroimaging and the boundaries of bipolarity

Sandy Kuiper¹, Loyola McLean^2,3 and Gin S Malhi^*1

*  Author for correspondence

Sections:

Начало формы

Choose ABSTRACT Modeling bipolar disorder... Functional neuroimaging &... Current neural models of... Core limbic structures: a... Striatum & cortico-basal... Anterior cingulate cortex Prefrontal & other cortic... Expert commentary Five-year view References

Конец формы

 

ABSTRACT

Начало формы Choose Top of page ABSTRACT << Modeling bipolar disorder... Functional neuroimaging &... Current neural models of... Core limbic structures: a... Striatum & cortico-basal... Anterior cingulate cortex Prefrontal & other cortic... Expert commentary Five-year view References Конец формы

Bipolar disorders are major mood disorders defined by the presence of discrete episodes of depression and either mania, in bipolar I disorder, or hypomania, in bipolar II disorder. There is little contention that both are serious psychiatric conditions or that they are associated with substantial suffering, disability, risk of suicide and cost to the community. Recently, focus has shifted away from classic manic-depressive illness toward a ‘bipolar spectrum’ model, which allows for much softer presentations to be conceptualized as bipolarity, but the boundaries of this concept remain contentious. In this article, we will consider the contribution of neuroimaging to delineating the bipolar phenotype and differentiating it from similar disorders.

Medscape: Continuing Medical Education Online

This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the Essential Areas and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education through the joint sponsorship of Medscape, LLC and Expert Reviews Ltd. Medscape, LLC is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

Medscape, LLC designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s) ™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

All other clinicians completing this activity will be issued a certificate of participation. To participate in this journal CME activity: (1) review the learning objectives and author disclosures; (2) study the education content; (3) take the post-test with a 70% minimum passing score and complete the evaluation at www.medscape.org/journal/expertimmunology; (4) view/print certificate.

Release date: 20 December 2012; Expiration date: 20 December 2013