Article 28. Types of Accessories in a Crime

1. Along with a performer of a given crime, an organizer, abettor, and accomplice shall be recognised as accessories in a crime.

2. An organizer shall mean a person who directly committed a given crime, or who directly participated in its commission, together with other persons (co-performers), as well as a persons who committed a crime by way of using other persons who are not subject to criminal liability due to their age, insanity, or other circumstances, stipulated by the present Code, as well as by way of using persons who committed a given act by negligence.

3. A person shall be recognised as an organizer who organized the commission of a given crime, or who guided its execution, as well as a person who created an organized criminal group, or a criminal association (criminal organization), or a person who managed them.

4. A person shall be recognised as an abettor who inclined another person to the commission of a given crime by way of persuasion, subornation, threat, or by any other method.

5. A person shall be recognised as an accomplice who co-operated in the commission of a crime by advice, instructions, granting of information, instruments, or means for the commission, or by elimination of the impediments for the commission of a crime, as well as a person who promised in advance to conceal a criminal, instruments, or other means of the commission of a given crime, traces of a crime, or objects acquired by criminal means, as well as a person who earlier promised to acquire or to purchase such objects.