Article 29. Liability of Accessories in a Crime

1. Criminal liability of accessories in a crime shall be determined by the character and degree of participation of each of them in the commission of a given crime.

2. Co-performers shall bear liability in accordance with one and the same article of the present Code for a crime jointly committed by them, without reference to Article 28 of the present Code.

3. The liability of an organizer, abettor, and accomplice, shall arise under an article which stipulates punishment for the commission of a crime, with reference to Article 28 of the present Code, except for the cases in which they simultaneously were co-performers of a given crime.

4. In case a given crime was not consummated by its performer due to circumstances which were not dependent on him, the remaining accessories shall bear liability for complicity in preparation for the commission of that crime, or for an attempted crime. For preparation for an offense, criminal liability shall also be borne by a person who did not succeed in abetting other persons to the commission of a crime, due to circumstances which were not dependent on him.

5. A person who is not a performer or an accessory in a given crime that is specially indicated in the relevant article of the Special Part of the present Code, but who participated in the commission of a crime stipulated by that relevant article, shall bear criminal liability for that crime as his organizer, abettor, or accomplice.