Figures of combination are SD of semasiology. They are stylistically relevant semantic means of combining lexical, syntactical and other units (including EM) belonging to the same or different language levels. So, the realization of the figures of combination is possible only in context. Frequently, these figures of speech are the result of the interaction of word meanings or the meanings of word-combinations, seldom – of paragraphs or larger text fragments. There are three basic types of semantic relations between words, phrases, and utterances:
1) those involving similar (synonymous) meanings of such units. The speaker combines within an utterance or text the units whose meaning he/she considers similar, thus figures of identity are formed;
2) those based on opposite (antonymous) meanings of the units. The speaker combines within an utterance or text two semantically contrasting units. As a result, figures of opposition are formed;
3) those comprising somewhat different meanings of the units. The speaker combines within an utterance or text lexical units denoting different but close notions. As a result, the figures of unequality are formed.
| FIGURES OF COMBINATION
|
| FIGURES OF IDENTITY
| FIGURES OF OPPOSITION
| FIGURES OF INEQUALITY
|
| Simile Synonyms-substitutes Synonyms-specifiers
| Antithesis Oxymoron
| Climax Anticlimax Pun Zeugma
|
