AUTOMOBILE PRODUCTION AND MAINTENANCE

UNIT 2

 

The modern automobile is a complex of systems, each designed for maximum efficiency and for compatible relationship with all the others. Each system must be maintained in first-class operating condition, or it may affect the operation of the other related systems.

The automobile production comprises the following stages:

Ø Designing

Ø Working out the manufacturing process technology

Ø Laboratory tests

Ø Road tests

Ø Mass production.

Before the automobile (a car or a truck) is put into mass production, it should be properly designed to meet up-to-date requirements. The automobile must have high efficiency, long service life, driving safety, ease of maintenance and pleasant appearance. It also must be rapid in acceleration, have smooth acting clutch, silent gearbox, dependable brakes and steering system. In order to obtain all these qualities, engineers should develop up-to-date methods of designing cars, using new types of corrosion-resistant light materials. Only in case a car undergoes a rigid quality control in road tests, it will then be put into mass production.

Every mechanic, operator, and car owner should understand the way in which an automobile works and have information on the repair that every car needs from time to time. If an average person understands the operating principle of a device, he will be able to control its operation and to repair it more rapidly and with greater accuracy.

In every car ever built, the engine and chassis parts are subjected to abrasive and corrosive wear, heat, vibration, and other factors that cause constant deterioration. Car trouble symptoms may be simple and have an easily identified source; or they may be complex - for example, loss of engine power resulting from a combination of ignition system troubles.

1. Выпишите из словаря транскрипцию и перевод встречающихся в тексте слов:

Mechanical, specialist, industry, phase, technology, process, laboratory, fact, engineer, method, principle, corrosion, type, material, comfortable.

 

2. Найдите в тексте глаголы, образованные от существительных по принципу конверсии (5) и принципу переноса ударения (2).

3. Определите значение слова “heat” в следующих предложениях

1) Heat energy can be transformed into mechanical energy.

2) Exhaust gases heat the valves.

3) The cooling system serves to remove heat from the engine parts.

 

4. Перевести подчеркнутые в тексте «цепочки существительных» на русский язык.

 

5. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы:

1) What does the term “compatible relationship” of automobile systems mean?

2) What are the stages of the automobile manufacturing?

3) What requirements must the automobile meet?

4) What requirements are made for the car transmission?

5) What materials are used for constructing modern cars?

6) Why are cars subjected to road tests?

7) What qualities are required of the automobile?

8) Why is it important for automobile industry specialists to know car design and operation?

9) What are the factors of deterioration of car parts?

10) What are the main types of car trouble symptoms?

 

 

Словообразование с помощью прибавления суффиксов к основе слова.

1. Основные суффиксы существительных:

-er	worker transformer converter		-sion -ssion	decision permission transmission
-or	insulator governor operator		-ance	assistance
-ing	beginning		-ity	equality reliability
-ment	development movement		-ness	firmness
-th	strength		-ancy -ency	constancy efficiency
-ion	expression production		-ence	difference
-ation	information rotation		-age	breakage

2. Основные суффиксы глаголов:

 

- ate	to activate		- ize	to pressurize
-ify	to electrify		- en	to deepen

3. Основные суффиксы прилагательных:

 

-able	comfortable		-ful	powerful
-ible	convertible		-less	powerless
-ic(al)	technical		-ish	grayish
-al	formal		-ive	effective
-ant	important		-ous	dangerous
-ent	different		-y	smoky