Vocabulary. apply the lawv применять закон
apply the law v применять закон cabinet n кабинет (министров) check n препятствие confidence n доверие by convention по соглашению, обычно dismiss v увольнять enforce laws v обеспечивать соблюдение и исполнение законов entirely adv всецело, вполне, совсем, совершенно essential adj существенный execute v исполнять, выполнять (закон) executive adj исполнительный general election всеобщие выборы govern v управлять government of the day существующее правительство higher court n вышестоящий суд highest judges n верховные судьи initiate v предлагать interpret the law v толковать закон invalid adj 1 юридически недействительный; 2 не имеющий силы judicial adj судебный judiciary n 1 отправление правосудия; 2 судопроизводство law-making adj законодательный, нормоустановительный legislative adj законодательный misbehaviour n дурное, недостойное поведение monarch n монарх monarchy n монархия overpowerful adj обладающий чрезмерной властью Queen-in-Parliament «королева в парламенте», законодательная власть (в Великобритании) resign v уходить в отставку Secretary of State n министр (для большинства министров, входящих в кабинет) separation of powers n разделение властей
Reading tasks A Answer these questions. 1 What type of government operates in Britain? 2 Why aren’t the branches of the British political system entirely separate? 3 What does each branch consist of? 4 Why was it necessary to adopt the principle of separation of powers? 5 What are three main functions of the state? 6 Why are the legislature and executive interdependent in Britain? 7 Are the judges separate in Britain?
B Mark these statements T (true) or F (false) according to the information in the text. 1 The branches of the British government are entirely separate. 2 The principle of separation of powers existed from time immemorial. 3 The balance between separate institutions carrying out different functions is necessary. 4 The legislative, the executive and the judicial powers in Britain are separated. 5 The executive government includes ministers and judges. 6 The House of Commons and the government are interdependent. 7 The Queen can dismiss the highest judges after the legislature’s demand. 8 The judges in Britain are as independent as in the USA.
Language focus Complete these sentences with the comparative or superlative forms of adjectives in brackets. 3 It is not easy to give a comprehensive description of the term “government”. Still _______ (difficult) is to understand the structure and operation of the whole machinery of the executive government. 4 There are no _______ (little) than two major British institutions that are involved in the executive process. 5 The French political philosopher Montesquieu developed _______ (important) principle of the formation of any government. 6 The _______ (high) judges are members of the House of Lords. 7 The independence of judges in Britain is _______ (little) important than it is in the USA. 8 One can’t say which of the three branches is _______ (powerful) in Britain. Vocabulary tasks A Match the following English expressions with their Russian equivalents.
B The word GOVERNMENT has the following meanings in Russian: Государственная власть executive government – исполнительная власть judicial government – судебная власть legislative government – законодательная власть
Управление, руководство tocarry out the government of a state – осуществлять управление государством
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