Unit 4. Right-of-Way
Vocabulary adjoin - примыкать borrow pit - резервный карьер carriageway — проезжая часть construction - строительство drainage - дренаж edge -край embankment - насыпь inner slope - внутренний склон junction - соединение lay - класть дорогу mark — отмечать, помечать outer slope - внешний склон pavement - мостовая reinforce - укреплять remain - оставаться required level — требующийся уровень right-of-way — полоса отвода road shoulder - обочина road zone — полоса дорожного строительства roadbed - дорожное полотно shallow — мелкий, неглубокий side ditch - продольная канава solid - твердый spoil bank - насыпь по бокам дорожной выемки support - опора surface - поверхность vehicle – автомобиль, транспортное средство width - ширина The zone which is marked to lay the road is called the road zone or right-of-way. The higher is the technical classification of the road, the wider is the right-of-way for its construction. The road zone includes such parts of a road as a carriageway, road shoulders, inner and outer slopes, and other parts. The road surface strip within the limits of which motor vehicles run is called a carriageway. Usually it is reinforced by means of natural or artificial stone aggregates. These stone aggregates form the pavement. The strips of the ground which adjoin the carriageway are called the road shoulders. The shoulders render lateral support to the pavement. In future the pavement will always be made of solid materials within the limits of the carriageway. To lay the carriageway at the required level above the ground surface a formation or roadbed is constructed. It is constructed in the form of embankments or cuttings with side ditches for drainage and the diversion of water. The formation includes borrow pits – shallow excavations from which the soil was used for filling the embankments. It also includes spoil banks. Spoil banks are heaps of excessive soil remaining after the excavation of cuttings. The carriageway and shoulders are separated from the neighboring land by slopes. The cuttings and side ditches have inner and outer slopes. The junction of the surface of the shoulders and the embankment slope is called the edge of the roadbed. The distance between the edges is called the width of the roadbed.
Answer the questions to the text: 1. What is called the road zone or right-of-way? 2. What parts of a road does the road zone include? 3. What is called a carriageway? 4. Is the carriageway usually reinforced by means of natural or artificial stone aggregates? 5. What is a roadbed constructed for?
Exercises: 1) Find the equivalents: класть дорогу, проезжая часть, внешний склон, асфальт, требуемый уровень, дорожное полотно, котлован 2) Translate: right-of-way, a carriageway, road shoulders, inner and outer slopes, road surface, reinforce, embankment, side ditch, roadbed 3) Complete the sentences choosing the proper variant:
a) To lay the carriageway at the required level above the ground surface b) stone aggregates form the pavement c) shoulders are separated from the neighboring land by slopes d)a formation or roadbed is constructed.
4) Rewrite the sentences from Active into Passive voice:
1) They lay down road surface in order to sustain traffic. 2) In the past, they used gravel road surfaces and granite sets. 3) They replaced these surfaces by asphalt or concrete. 4) The leaking oils from the vehicles don't damage roads. 5) But heavy rain and other extreme weather conditions damage the asphalt road. 6) Melting asphalt produces lots of harmful green house gases.
References: Аудиторные тексты для чтения. Дорожное строительство. Английский язык. Контрольные задания.: учеб.-А647 метод. пособие / Л.В. Лукина, Л.Н. Крячко, О.Ф. Нестерова, Н.В.Сидорова; Воронеж. гос. арх.-строит. ун.-т. –Воронеж–c.128
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