общая способность – личное достижение
Present
| Past
| Future
|
can
| could
| -
|
am
is able to
are
| was
able to
were
| will be able to
|
общее разрешение – разрешение от кого-то
Present
| Past
| Future
|
may
| might
| -
|
am
is allowed to
are
| was
allowed to
were
| will be
allowed to
|
must = to have to, to be to
|
должен / должен по обстоятельствам / должен по плану, договору
P.S. to have to = to have got to
Present
| Past
| Future
|
must
have / has to
am / is / are to
| -
had to
was / were to
| -
will have to
-
|
OБОРОТ “СЛОЖНОЕ ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ”
COMPLEX OBJECT
I II III IV Y
Подлежащее Сказуемое Существ. в именит./ Причастие / другие
Местоим. в объектном Инфинитив члены
падеже предло-
жения
п р и п е р е в о д е:
главное · подлежащее + сказуемое
предложение придаточного предложения
соединительные союзы “что”, “чтобы”, “как”, “когда”
ГЕРУНДИАЛЬНЫЙ ОБОРОТ
I II III IV Y
Подлежащее Сказуемое Существительное/ Герундий другие
Местоимение члены
в притяжательном предло-
падеже жения
п р и п е р е в о д е:
главное · подлежащее + сказуемое
предложение придаточного предложения
соединительные союзы “как”, “то, что”, “тем, что”
ОБОРОТ “CЛОЖНОЕ ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ”
COMPLEX SUBJECT
I
| II
| III
|
Подлежащее
| Сказуемое
(часто в страдательном
залоге)
| Инфинитив
|
He
|
seems
|
to know us.
|
Кажется, что он нас знает.
ТАБЛИЦА НЕПРАВИЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ
Infinitive
| Past Indefinite
| Participle II
| Перевод
|
to be
| was, were
| been
| быть
|
to beat
| beat
| beaten
| бить
|
to become
| became
| become
| становиться
|
to begin
| began
| begun
| начинать (ся)
|
to blow
| blew
| blown
| дуть
|
to break
| broke
| broken
| ломать
|
to bring
| brought
| brought
| приносить
|
to build
| built
| built
| строить
|
to burn
| burnt
| burnt
| гореть, жечь
|
to buy
| bought
| bought
| покупать
|
to catch
| caught
| caught
| ловить, поймать
|
to choose
| chose
| chosen
| выбирать
|
to come
| came
| come
| приходить
|
to cost
| cost
| cost
| стоить
|
to cut
| cut
| cut
| резать
|
to do
| did
| done [dAn]
| делать
|
to draw
| drew
| drawn
| тащить, рисовать
|
to drink
| drank
| drunk
| пить
|
to drive
| drove
| driven
| везти
|
to eat
| ate let]
| eaten
| есть, кушать
|
to fall
| fell
| fallen
| падать
|
to feel
| felt
| felt
| чувствовать
|
to fight
| fought
| fought
| бороться
|
to find
| found
| found
| находить
|
to fly
| flew
| flown
| летать
|
to forget
| forgot
| forgotten
| забывать
|
to get
| got
| got
| получать,
становиться
|
to give
| gave
| given
| давать
|
to go
| went
| gone [gPn]
| идти, ехать
|
to grow
| grew
| grown
| расти, выращивать
|
to have
| had
| had
| иметь
|
to hear
| heard
| heard
| слышать
|
to hold
| held
| held
| держать
|
to keep
| kept
| kept
| хранить
|
to know
| knew
| known
| знать
|
to lead
| led
| led
| вести (за собой)
|
to learn
| learnt
| learnt,
| учить, узнавать
|
| learned
| learned
| (новое)
|
to leave
| left
| left
| покидать, оставлять
|
to lend
| lent
| lent
| давать взаймы
|
to let
| let
| let
| позволять
|
to light
| lit
| lit
| зажигать
|
to lose
| lost
| lost
| терять
|
to make
| made
| made
| делать, создавать
|
to mean
| meant [ment]
| meant [ment]
| значить,
иметь в виду
|
to meet
| met
| met
| встречать(ся,)
знакомить(ся)
|
to put
| put
| put
| класть, ставить
|
to read
| read [red]
| read [red]
| читать
|
to ring
| rang
| rung
| звонить, звенеть
|
to run
| ran
| run
| бежать
|
to say
| said [sed]
| said [sed]
| сказать, говорить
|
to see-
| saw
| seen
| видеть
|
to sell
| sold
| sold
| продавать
|
to send
| sent
| sent
| посылать
|
to set
| set
| set
| устанавливать
|
.to shine
| shone [SPn]
| shone [SPn]
| светить
|
to show
| showed
| shown
| показывать
|
to shut
| shut
| shut
| закрывать
|
to sing
| sang
| sung
| петь
|
to sit
| sat
| sat
| сидеть
|
to sleep
| slept
| slept
| спать
|
to speak
| spoke
| spoken
| разговаривать
|
to spend
| spent
| spent
| тратить, проводить (время)
|
to stand
| stood
| stood
| стоять
|
to swim
| swam
| swum
| плавать
|
to take
| took
| taken
| брать
|
to teach
| taught
| taught
| учить
|
to tell
| told
| told
| рассказывать
|
to think
| thought
| thought
| думать
|
to throw
| threw
| thrown
| бросать
|
to under stand
| understood
| understood
| понимать
|
to win
| won
| won
| выигрывать
|
to write
| wrote
| written
| писать
|