| | Indefinite
(инфинитив без to)
| Continuous
(to be + Participle I)
| Perfect
(to have +Participle II)
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Present
| I translate a text.
He writes a letter.
| I am translating a text. He is writing a letter.
| I have translated a text.
He has written a letter.
|
| Past
| I translated a text.
He wrote a letter.
| I was translating a
text.
He was writing a
letter.
| I had translated a text.
|
| Future
| I will translate a text. He will write a letter.
| I will be translating a text.
He will be writing a letter.
| I will have translated a text.
He will have written a
letter.
|
Таблица времен Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect
The Passive Voice (пассивный залог)
|
| Indefinite
(to be + Participle II)
| Continuous
(to be + being + Participle II)
| Perfect
(to have + been + Participle II)
|
| Present
| A text is translated by me.
A letter is written by him.
| A text is being translated by me.
A letter is being written by him.
| A text has been translated by me.
A letter has been written by him.
|
| Past
| A text was translated by me.
A letter was written
by him.
| A text was being translated by me.
A letter was being written by him.
| A text had been translated by me.
A letter had been written by him.
|
| Future
| A text will be translated by me.
A letter will be written by him.
| Не употребляется.
| A text will have been translated by me.
A letter will have been written by him.
|
Participle (Причастие)
Причастие является неличной формой глагола, в которой сочетаются признаки прилагательного и наречия с признаками глагола.
В английском языке существуют два вида причастия: Participle I и Participle II
Participle I (Причастие I)
Причастие I (причастие настоящего времени) образуется путем прибавления суффикса – ing – к основе глагола:
Work – working – работающий, работая
To go –going – идущий
Причастие I имеет активную и страдательную формы:
|
| Несовершенный вид
| Совершённый вид
|
| Active (активная)
| asking
| having asked
|
| Passive (страдательная)
| being asked
| having been asked
|
Причастие I может выполнять следующие функции:
1. Определения
The man sitting at the table is our teacher. – Человек, сидящий за столом, - наш учитель.
The houses being built in our town are not very high. – Дома, строящиеся в нашем городе, невысоки.
2. Обстоятельства
Reading an English book he wrote out many new words. – Читая английскую книгу, он выписывал новые слова.
Having finished work I went home. – Закончив работу, я пошёл домой.
3. Является частью сказуемого:
(Continuous tense to be + Part I)
They are translating an article. – Они переводят статью.
He was playing football the whole day yesterday. – Он вчера целый день играл в футбол.
