The functional aspect of speech sounds and the system of vowels and consonants in English

4. Difference between vowels and consonants

5. Classification of vowels:

· according to the stability of articulation;

· according to the tenseness

· according to the length

· according to the lip position

· position of the tongue

6. Classification of consonants:

· according to the manner of articulation;

· according to the active speech organ and the place of articulation;

· according to the force of articulation.

KEY WORDS: phoneme, allophone; typical, subsidiary, combinatory and positional allophones; distributional method, semantic method; contrastive distribution, complementary distribution, commutation test, minimal pairs, mentalistic approach, psychical image, psychophonic unit, phonological oppositions, abstract view, distinctive features, contrastive sets, kinema, phonetic context, abstract conception, phonetic manifestations, “family” of sounds, phonetic similarity, monophthong, diphthong, diphthonggoid, front, central, back, open, mid-open, close vowels; noise consonants, sonorous consonants, occlusive, constrictive, affricates, bilabial, labio-dental, interdental, dental, alveolar, palato-alveolar, velar, palatal, pharyngeal consonants; co-articulation (assimilation), reduction, accommodation.

LITERATURE:

1. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка: Учеб. для студ. ин-тов и фак. иностр. яз. / М.А. Соколова, К.П. Гинтовт, И. С. Тихонова, Р. М. Тихонова. – М.: Высш. школа, 1991. – С. 33-43, 50-72.

2. Васильев В. А. Фонетика английского языка: теоретический курс (на англ. яз.) / В. А.. Васильев. – М.: Высш. шк., 1970. – С.134-159, 229-256.

3. Леонтьева С. Ф. Теоретичская фонетика английского языка: учеб. для студентов вер. и заоч. отд-ний педвузов./ С. Ф.Леонтьева. – 2-е изд., испр. и доп. – М.: Высш. школа, 1988. – С. 48-54, 167-176.

4. Паращук В. Ю. Теоретична фонетика англійської мови: Навчальний посібник для студентів факультетів іноземних мов./ В. Ю. Паращук. – Вінниця: Нова Книга, 2005. – С. 130-145, 160-166.

1) Phoneme, its functions and variations.