I.2. Раскройте скобки и замените инфинитив глагола в скобках соответствующей видо-временной формой в активе или пассиве.

1. The early pharmaceutical industry (to base) upon its ability to isolate the active ingredients from plants and to obtain crude drugs from them.

2. The term “crude drug” usually (to apply) to plant or animal organs, or preparations from these, either in fresh state or dried, and either ground or unground.

3. The medicinal benefits of herbs (to know) to man for centuries.

4. Vitamins (to consider) micronutrients because the body (to need) them in comparatively small amounts.

5. Supplements that not (to mark) natural may (to contain) coal tars, dyes, preservatives, sugars, starch, and other additives.

6. Vitamins (to classify) as either water-soluble or fat-soluble.

7. Herbs containing volatile constituents (to dry) at temperatures near freezing.

8. The OTC market (to be) highly competitive as most of the drugs (to be) on the market for years.

9. Research teams in the USA and other countries (to explore) the use of gene therapy.

10. Pharmaceutical care (to be) increasingly augmented by activities that may (to describe) as focused areas of practice.

 

I.3. Укажите номера предложений, в которых one/ones заменяют существительное. Переведите эти предложения.

1. Altough there are no major chemical differences between a vitamin found in food and one created in a laboratory, natural supplements do not contain other unnatural ingredients.

2. If you find one supplement that meets your needs, remember to take it daily. If it does not contain a large enough quantity of what you want, you may consider taking more than one.

3. Water-soluble vitamins must be taken daily as they cannot be stored in the body and are excreted within one to four days.

4. Pleasant-tasting herbs are potentially less toxic than bitter-tasting ones, and can be used more often.

5. There are poisonous plants, and even deadly ones.

6. Patients often tolerate one agent better than another.

7. Unlike synthetic drugs, plants vary in their chemical composition, so processing methods can make all the difference between a safe effective high-quality product and one that is not.

 

I.4. Переведите эти предложения. Назовите существительные, которые заменены местоимениями one/ones, that/those.

1. Unlike the water soluble ones, fat-soluble vitamins are necessary for specific functions in highly specialized tissues; therefore, their distribution in nature tends to be more selective than that of the water-soluble vitamins.

2. Vitamin requirements for healthy men are lower than those for elderly patients, children, and pregnant and breast-feeding mothers.

3. Calcium complete was designed for the patients with gastric problems, it is ideal for those with impaired stomach acid production because it ensures maximum absorption and does not interfere with digestion.

4. Molecular structure of wheatgrass closely resembles that of hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein of red blood cells, and that may be the reason for effectiveness of chlorophyll.

 

I.5. Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты для названий лекарственных трав из левой колонки слов (правильные ответы можно найти в конце урока 4).

1. мать-и-мачеха	A. licorice
2. солодка	B. ginkgo
3. чеснок	C. digitalis
4. гинкго	D. coltsfoot
5. зверобой	E. garlic
6. ромашка	F. aloe vera
7. наперстянка	G. camomile
8. тысячелистник	H. valerian
9. алоэ	I. St. John’s wort
10. мелисса	J. yarrow
11. валериана	K. ginseng
12. женьшень	L. lemon balm

 

I.6. Прочтите следующие вопросы и отметьте номера тех вопросов, на которые вы можете ответить и тех, на которые вы затрудняетесь ответить.

1. Are herbs considered drugs in this country? What about vitamins and nutritional supplements?

2. Are such items dispensed according to a prescription or over the counter?

3. Can herbs replace some drugs in treatment and prevention of diseases? If so, can you think of an example?

4. Which of the three have the largest market in this country: herbs, vitamins or food supplements? How do you account for the fact?

5. Do you often have to councel the patients on proper use of herbs, vitamins, minerals and food supplements?*

6. Is self-medication with herbs safe? If not, why?

7. Is a daily intake of vitamins obligatory?

8. What functions do vitamins perform in the body?

9. Why is megadosing vitamins and some minerals dangerous?

10. Can you name some minerals required by the body and their function?