Химические свойства.
1) 2С2Н5ОН +2Na → 2C2H5 – O – Na + H2
2) C2H5ONa + H2O → C2H5OH + 2NaOH
3) C2H5OH + HCl → C2H5Cl + H2O
4) C2H5OH + PCl5 → C2H5Cl + POCl3 + HCl H2SO4 5) C2H5OH CH2 ═ CH2 + H2O t 1700 H2SO4 6) 2C2H5OH t 1400 C2H5 – O – C2H5 + 2H2O
O H+ O 7) R – C + HO – C2H5 → R – C + H2O OH t0 O – C2H5
8) C2H5OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O Окисление первичных спиртов t0 O 9) C2H5OH + CuO → CH3 – C + Cu + H2O (мягкое) H Na2Cr2O7 O 10) С2H5OH CH3 - C (жёсткое) Н+, t0 OH
11)Окисление вторичных спиртов K2Cr2O7 СН3 – СH – CH3 CH3 – C – CH3 │ H+ ║ OH O t0 12) CH3 – CH2 – OH + Cl2 → CH3 – CH – OH + HCl │ Cl 13) Дегидрирование Cu, t0 O СН3 – CH2 – OH CH3 – C + H2 H
Получение: t0, кат. 1) СH4 + H2O СО + 3Н2 Cr2C3 + 2nO СО + Н2 t 0, P CH3OH + H2O брожжение 2) C6H12O6 2С2Н5OH + 2СО2
3) С2H5 – O – C2H5 + HI → C2H5I + C2H5OH O O 4) CH3 – C + NaOH → CH3 – C + CH3OH O – CH3 O – Na
H+ 5) CH2 ═ CH2 + H2O → C2H5OH
6) C2H5Cl + NaOH водн. C2H5OH + HCl LiAlH4 7) CH3COOH CH3 – CH2 – OH LiAlH4 8) CH3COH CH3 – CH2 – OH LiAlH4 9) CH3 – C – CH3 CH3 – CH – CH3 ║ │ O OH
Альдегиды Химические свойства О 1) СН3 – С + НСN → CH3 – CH - OH Н ; CN O 2) CH3 – C + HOH → CH3 – CH - OH H OH O 3) CH3 – C + CH3OH → CH3 – CH– O – CH3 H OH O t0, Pt 4) CH3 - C + H2 CH3 – CH2OH H O t0 O 5) CH3 - C + Ag2O → CH3 – C + 2Ag↓ H OH O t0 O 6) 2CH3 – C + 2Cu(OH)2 → 2CH3 – C + Cu2O + H2O H OH CH2 O O O 7) 3HC H CH2 CH2 O
CH3 O O CH − CH – CH3 8) 3CH3 – C H O O CH – CH3 O t, кат. 9) nHC + n + nH2O H -CH2 CH2 - OH OH n O 10) CH3 – C + PCl5 → CH3 – CH – Cl2 + POCl3 H
O hν O 11) CH3 – C + Cl2 CH2 – C + HCl H H Cl O O O 12) CH3 - C + CH3 – C CH3 – CH – CH2 – C H H │ H O OH 13) 2HC + NaOH → CH3OH + CH3COONa H Получение: Hg2+ O 1) СH ≡ CH + H2O CH3 - C H Hg2+ 2) CH3 – C ≡ CH + H2O CH3 – C – CH3 ║ O O 3) CH3 – CHCl2 + NaOH → CH3 – CH – OH → CH3 – C + NaCl + H2O H OH 4) CH3– CCl2–CH3 +NaOH→ CH3–C(OH)2 –CH3→ CH3 – C –CH3 + NaCl + H2O ║ t0 O O 5) CH3 – CH2OH + CuO → CH3 –C + Cu + H2O H KMnO4 6) CH3 – CH – CH3 CH3 – C – CH3 │ H+, t0 ║ OH O Ca(OH)2 7) (CH3COO)Ca t0 CH3 – C – CH3 + CaCO3 ║ O Получение формальдегида в промышленности O2, Ag/ t0 8) CH3OH HCOH Получение ацетальдегида в промышленности O2, Ag /t0 9) СH3 – CH2OH CH3 – COH Дегидрирование спиртов: Cu, t0 10) СH3 – CH2OH CH3 – COH + H2 Pd, O2 O 11) CH3 – CH = CH – CH3 2CH3 – C H
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