Галогенпроизводные
NaOH СH3 – CH2 – Cl водн. CH3 – CH2 – OH + NaCl
NH3 C2H5 – NH2 + HCl H2O KCN C2H5C ≡ N C2H5COOH + NH4OH + KCl
CH3ONa CH3 – CH2 – O – CH3 + NaCl O CH3 – C ONa O CH3 – C O – CH2 – CH3 + NaCl KOH СH2 = CH2 + KCl + H2O спирт Na CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 + NaCl KOH CH2Cl – CH2Cl спирт CH ≡ CH + KCl + H2O t0 CH2Cl – CH2Cl + Zn пыль СH2 = CH2 + ZnCl2 СH2 Zn CH2Cl – CH2 – CH2Cl пыль H2C CH2 + KCl + H2O абсол. C2H5 – Cl + Mg эфир С2H5 – Mg – Cl
C2H5MgCl + HCl → C2H6 + MgCl2 O C2H5MgCl + H – C + HCl → C2H5 – CH2 – OH + MgCl2 H первичный спирт O C2H5MgCl + CH3 – C + HCl → C2H5 – CH – CH3 + MgCl2 H OH вторичный спирт
CH3 C2H5MgCl + CH3 – C - CH3 + HCl → C2H5 – C – CH3 + MgCl2 ║ O OH третичный спирт
O C2H5MgCl + CO2 + HCl → C2H5 – C + MgCl2 OH Алкадиены H2 СH2 ═ CH – CH ═ CH2 Ni CH3 – CH ═ CH – CH3
Br2 CH2 – CH ═ CH – CH2 Br Br HCl CH3 – CH ═ CH – CH2 – Cl
nCH2 ═ CH – CH – CH2 (- CH2 – CH ═ CH – CH2 -)n
Получение: Al2O3, Cr2O3 CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 CH2 ═ CH – CH ═CH2 + 2H2 t0 ZnO, Al2O3 2CH3 – CH2 – OH t0 CH2 ═ CH – CH ═ CH2 + 2H2O + H2
MnO, ZnO CH3 – CH ═ CH – CH3 CH2 ═ CH – CH ═ CH2 + H2 t0
Фенол OH ONa
1) 2 + 2Na → 2 + H2↑
OH O – Na 2) + NaOH → + H2O
3) + PCl5 → + POCl3 + HCl
OH Cl C2H5 H2SO4 4) 2 + 2CH2 ═ CH2 +
C2H5 OH OH OH
SO3H 5) 2 + 2H2SO4(к) → + + H2O
SO3H OH OH OH
NO2 6) t0 + 3HNO3(к) → + 3H2O NO2 NO2 OH OH Br 7) + 3Br2 → + 3HBr
Br Br OH OH
H+ 8) + C2H5Cl + H2O + NaCl ONa O – C2H5
9) +Zn
OH O 10) n + nH – C + nH2O H -H2C CH2 - OH OH n Получение: Cl t0 OH 1) + NaOH → + NaCl
ONa OH 2) + HCl → + NaCl
3) [O] + CH3 – C – CH3 ║ O CH3 – CH – CH3 OH
Алканы hν 1) СH3 – CH3 + Cl2 CH3 – CH2 – Cl + HCl
Реакция Коновалова t0, P 2) CH3 – CH2 - CH3 + HNO3 CH3 – CH – CH3 + H2O NO2 3) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O + Q Ag, O2 окисление 4) CH3 – CH3 C2H5OH, CH3COOH, CH3COH
ALCl3 5) СH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 CH3 – CH – CH3 t0 CH3 t0, Pt (Al2O3) 6) CH3 – CH3 CH2 ═ CH2 + H2 t0, кат. 7) C10H22 С5H10 + С5H12 t0 8) CH4 C + 2H2 15000C 9) 2CH4 C2H2 + 3H2 Получение: t0, Ni 1) СH2 ═ CH2 + H2 CH3 – CH3
2) Al4C3 + 12H2O → 4Al(OH)3 + 3CH4
Реакция Вюрца 3) 2CH3Cl + 2Na → CH3 – CH3 + 2NaCl сплавл. 4) CH3 – COONa + NaOH CH4 + Na2CO3
Синтез Кольбе электролиз 5) 2CH3 – COONa + 2H2O СH3 – CH3 + 2NaOH + H2 + 2CO2
6) СH3I + HI → CH4 + I2
7) CH3I + H2 → CH4 + HI
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