Methods of fingerprint detection
Since the late nineteenth century, fingerprint identification methods have been used by police agencies around the world to identify both suspected criminals as well as the victims of crime. The basis of the traditional fingerprinting technique is simple. The skin on the palmar surface of the hands and feet forms ridges, so-called papillary ridges, in patterns that are unique to each individual and which do not change over time. Even identical twins (who share their DNA) do not have identical fingerprints. Fingerprints on surfaces may be described as patent or latent. Patent fingerprints are left when a substance (such as paint, oil or blood) is transferred from the finger to a surface and are easily photographed without further processing. Latent fingerprints, in contrast, occur when the natural secretions of the skin are deposited on a surface through fingertip contact, and are usually not readily visible. The best way to render latent fingerprints visible, so that they can be photographed, is complex and depends, for example, on the type of surface involved. It is generally necessary to use a ‘developer’, usually a powder or chemical reagent, to produce a high degree of visual contrast between the ridge patterns and the surface on which the fingerprint was left. Developing agents depend on the presence of organic materials or inorganic salts for their effectiveness although the water deposited may also take a key role.The resulting latent fingerprints consist usually of a substantial proportion of water with small traces of amino acids, chlorides, etc., mixed with a fatty, sebaceous component which contains a number of fatty acids, triglycerides, etc. Detection of the small proportion of reactive organic material such as urea and amino acids is far from easy. Crime scene fingerprints may be detected by simple powders, or some chemicals applied at the crime scene; or more complex, usually chemical techniques applied in specialist laboratories to appropriate articles removed from the crime scene. Работа в парах. Прочитайте с партнером резюме, присланное в ответ на рекламное объявление о вакансии. Обсудите в форме диалога возможности Джонатана Хенсли быть принятым на эту должность. CURRICULUM VITAE JONATHAN HENSLEIGH
82 Westlands Crescent, Crayford DAI 746 Tel: 0208 423 200 0001 Fax: 0208 423 200 0002 Email: [email protected] PROFILE An enthusiastic law-enforcement officer with strong analytical and communication skills, deadline oriented, familiar with latest IT, presentable and ambitious. Specialize in litigation and detective investigations.
EDUCATION
2009 – 2010 Cambridge University LPC course, specialized in Antitrust Law and Litigation 2004 – 2008 Bristol University LLB Degree Law
CAREER HISTORY 2010 – at present Perform complex investigative legal work for Manchester police headquarters, provide counsel on litigation briefings, evidence research support
LANGUAGE Fluent German, some knowledge of French SKILLS COMPUTER Proficient in the use Office 2007 IBM Compatible EXPERIENCE PCs, WordPerfect
INTERESTS Detective stories, psychology, hunting, diving basketball and wrestling Работа в парах. Прочитайте и обсудите с партнером последовательность действий, которые необходимо совершить в поисках работы. Ознакомившись с рекомендациями, а) поговорите по телефону с работодателем; б) побеседуйте с работодателем в офисе.
Write a resume. Even if the particular job you're looking for has an application process where a resume isn't necessary, the process of writing a resume can help sort your thoughts and prepare you for an interview. Having a written record of your work history makes filling out an application much easier, too. Tailor the resume to the type of job for which you are applying, emphasizing related skills and coursework. Call the employer. Ask about the application process: "Good morning. My name is John Doe. I was wondering if you had any positions open and, if so, how I could apply." You will usually have your call routed to the hiring or human resources manager. If they have any openings, they'll either ask you to come in and fill out an application, or they'll ask you to send a resume and cover letter by mail or email, in which case you should inquire "To whom should the letter be addressed?" They will give you their full name - write it down and ask them to spell it out if necessary. Write a cover letter if it's a part of the application process. Make sure it is specific to the job, with the company name and address and, if possible, the name of the person who will be receiving it. Ask two or three friends or family members to read over your resume and cover letter for typos. It's often difficult to see our own mistakes. Apply. · Visit the employer to fill out your application form. It's usually best to go in the mid-morning, when they're not too busy, but before the day has worn them out. Ask to speak to the hiring manager and try to hand the form to him personally: "Hi, we spoke on the phone yesterday about the (job title) position. Here's my application. Let me know if you need anything else!" This will give the employer a chance to see you (so present yourself well) and put a face to a name. · Send your cover letter and resume as instructed. Follow up. · If you filled out an application but the hiring manager wasn't there at the time, call three days later, ask to speak to the manager, and confirm that the application was received: "Hello, this is (your name). I filled out an application on (day you came in) and I just wanted to confirm that it was received." · If you sent a cover letter and resume by mail, call a week later to confirm their receipt. If you sent them by email, call the day after. Tips
Заполните типовую анкету для тех, кто ищет работу в США. Обратите внимание на то, что в анкетах на английском языке информация о соискателе дается в иной последовательности, нежели в анкетах, которые заполняются в России.
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