MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
In Great Britain students begin their medical studies usually at the age of 18 or 19. Physicians are trained in medical schools or faculties of Universities. There are medical schools in the universities of London, Oxford, Birmingham, Bristol and Edinburgh. Entry to a medical school is highly competitive and the number of candidates is usually much higher than the number of places. To be admitted to a medical school it is necessary to pass entrance examinations which are both oral and written. The subjects of chemistry, physics, biology and mathematics should be taken at the advanced level. Tuition fees are charged. Most students receive financial assistance in the form of grants. The course of undergraduate education lasts 5 years. Usually it includes 2 years of pre-clinical training and 3 years of clinical work at a teaching hospital. Pre-clinical years are occupied by Human Anatomy, Biology, Physiology, Biochemistry, statistics and genetics. Students attend lectures, do dissections and practical work in labs. Latin is not taught. Beginning with the third year students study general pathology, microbiology, pharmacology, community medicine, methods of clinical examinations and history taking. Senior students and especially undergraduates spend most of their time in teaching hospitals which have both in-patient and out-patient departments. Daily bedside instruction in hospital wards is given by teachers and doctors. Students follow up their patients and attend ward rounds. At the end of each term students take exams. Most exams are written and include academic and practical problems. The final examinations are in Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology. They also include history taking and diagnosing. After successful completion of clinical training a student graduates as a Bachelor of Medicine (B.M.) or Bachelor of Surgery (B.S.). These degrees give the right to register as a medical practitioner. Then young specialists enter a two year Foundation Programme. It provides training of new doctors through a series of placements in different specialties, such as General Medicine, General Surgery, Paediatrics, Anaesthetics etc. Junior doctors, known as trainees, work under the guidance of educational supervisors. To progress, trainees have to demonstrate a range of clinical competencies which are assessed through observation in their workplace. To become General Practitioners (GPs) doctors take postgraduate training. They have to complete 2-3 years as Senior House Officers (SHO) in different hospital specialties: Paediatrics, Psychiatry, Geriatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. After passing the exams doctors can work independently as GPs. To keep up to date doctors undertake continuing professional development in the form of courses and seminars.
Active Words and Word Combinations to charge a tuition fee – взимать плату за обучение free of charge – бесплатно financial assistance – финансовая помощь undergraduate education – преддипломное обучение teaching hospital – базовая больница bedside instruction – обучение у постели больного to follow up patients – наблюдать больного ward round – врачебный обход history taking – сбор анамнеза to graduate from – заканчивать учебное заведение Bachelor of Medicine (B.M.) – бакалавр медицины Bachelor of Surgery (B. S.) – бакалавр хирургии medical practitioner – врач-терапевт Foundation Programme – подготовительная программа placement – зд. период работы в качестве практиканта (стажера) a trainee – практикант (стажер), проходящий подготовку educational supervisor – куратор competence – умение, навык, компетенция to assess - оценивать General Practitioner (GP) – врач общей практики postgraduate training – последипломное образование Senior House Officer (SHO) – штатный врач, домашний врач to keep up to date – отвечать уровню современных требований
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