Title of Book Abbreviation
Genesis Gen Exodus Exod Leviticus Lev Numbers Num Deuteronomy Deut Joshua Josh Judges Judg Ruth Ruth 1-2 Samuel 1-2 Sam 1-2 Kings 1-2 Kgs 1-2 Chronicles 1-2 Chr Ezra Ezra Nehemiah Neh Esther Esth Job Job Psalm(s) Ps/Pss Proverbs Prov Ecclesiastes (or Qoheleth) Eccl, (Qoh) Song of Songs/ Song, Cant Song of Solomon/ Canticles Isaiah Isa Jeremiah Jer Lamentations Lam Ezekiel Ezek Daniel Dan Hosea Hos Joel Joel Amos Amos Obadiah Obad Jonah Jonah Micah Mic Nahum Nah Habakkuk Hab Zephaniah Zeph Haggai Hag Zechariah Zech Malachi Mal
Matthew Matt Mark Mark Luke Luke John John Acts Acts Romans Rom 1-2 Corinthians 1-2 Cor Galatians Gal Ephesians Eph Philippians Phil Colossians Col 1-2 Thessalonians 1-2 Thess 1-2 Timothy 1-2 Tim Titus Titus Philemon Phlm Hebrews Heb James Jas 1-2 Peter 1-2 Pet 1-2-3 John 1-2-3 John Jude Jude Revelation Rev
Apocrypha and Septuagint Baruch Bar Additions to Daniel Add Dan Prayer of Azariah Pr Azar Bel and the Dragon Bel The Song of the Three Young Men/ Sg Three The Song of the Three Holy Children Susanna Sus 1-2 Esdras 1-2 Esd Additions to Esther/Rest of Esther Add Esth Epistle of Jeremiah Ep Jer Judith Jdt 1-2 Maccabees 1-2 Macc 3-4 Maccabees 3-4 Macc Prayer of Manasseh/Manasses Pr Man Psalm 151 Ps 151 Sirach/Ecclesiasticus Eccus Tobit Tob Wisdom of Solomon Wis Pseudepigrapha 1. Assumption of Moses As. Moses 2 Baruch (Syriac Apocalypse) 2 Bar 3 Baruch (Greek Apocalypse) 3 Bar 1 Enoch (Ethiopic Apocalypse) 1 En 2 Enoch (Slavonic Apocalypse) 2 En 3 Enoch (Hebrew Apocalypse) 3 En 4 Ezra 4 Ezra Joseph and Asenath Jos. Asen. Book of Jubilees Jub. Letter of Aristeas Let. Aris. Life of Adam and Eve L.A.E. Lives of the Prophets Liv. Pro. Martyrdom and Ascension of Isaiah Mart. Ascen. Isa.. 3 Maccabees 3 Macc. 4 Maccabees 4 Macc. Odes of Solomon Odes Sol. Paralipomena of Jeremiah Paralip. Pirke Aboth Pirke Aboth Psalms of Solomon Pss. Sol. Sibylline Oracles Sib. Or. Story of Ahiqar Ahiqar Testament of Abraham T. Ab. Testament of Adam T. Adam Testament of Benjamin T. Benj. Testament of Dan T. Dan Testament of Gad T. Gad Testament of Job T. Job Testament of Joseph T. Jos. Testament of Levi T. Levi Testament of Naphtali T. Naph. Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs T. 12 Patr. Zadokite Fragments Zad. Frag.
Electronic Sources Academic research has been changed forever by the availability of the internet and other electronic media; in fact, the changes are occurring so rapidly that it is difficult, even frustrating, to keep up with them. It is also challenging to scholars to evaluate and account for all the information available, especially given that internet sources that are available one day may disappear the next. In addition, the internet is a medium that defies traditional ideas of legitimization, such as authorship, copyright, authoritative opinion, and so on. On the other hand, access to electronic information has also made much of the scholar’s task easier and swifter. It has “democratized” and freed information so that it is no longer the exclusive property of specialists. Voices that were never heard before may now participate in academic dialogue. And in any case, electronic media are here to stay. Whatever the medium, the scholar’s responsibility to do thorough research, give credit where it is due, and help other researchers find the same material, remains the same.
Citing electronic sources The question of how to use and cite electronic media in scholarly research is far from settled. In general, there are two categories of electronic media: physical entities such as CD-ROMs and various on-line sources. In both cases, the information needed in notes and bibliographies is generally the same as for traditional sources and is set out in the same way. The main difficulty is in locating complete information.
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