Smb need not, does not have to do smth - не нужно

Absence of Necessity for a Performed Action

smb needn’t have done smth - можно было и не делать (the Perfect Infinitive shows that an unnecessary action was done)

Absence of Necessity in the Past

smb did not have to do smth - можно было не делать, не пришлось делать (Did not have + Infinitive shows that there was no necessity for the action in the past without showing whether the action was fulfilled or not)

1. Paraphrase the following sentences. Use ‘needn’t + the Perfect Infinitive to show that an unnecessary action was carried out. Use ‘didn’t have to ‘ to show that an action was unnecessary in the past.

Model:1. I’m sorry I left before dinner. Nobody else did. I needn’t have left before dinner. Nobody else did. 2. I’m so happy it was not necessary for me to retake this examination. I’m so happy I did not have to retake that examination.

1. They did not make us perform this job so urgently. We saved some time that way. 2. It was not necessary to explain the custom’s regulations to them. They passed the custom’s control without any delay. 3. It was a wonderful journey because it was not necessary to change anywhere. 4. You look so tired, it is a pity you ran. There is a bus which could take you here in five minutes.

Translate into English.

 

1. Зря ты так далеко ходил за цветами. Цветы продаются на углу нашего дома. 2. Я успела все сделать вчера только потому, что мне не надо было готовиться к занятиям. 3. Мне не пришлось долго ждать ответа. Факс пришел сразу после моего звонка. 4. Мне ничего не пришлось ей долго объяснять. Она сама обо всем догадалась. 5. Мне пришлось оставить все и пойти к зубному врачу. 6. Тебе нечего спешить в аэропорт. Вылет задерживается на час.

Permission No To Do

you needn’t do smth - можете не делать

Make up sentences giving permission not to do the actions mentioned in the following interrogative sentences.

Pattern:- Must we copy the text too? - No, you needn’t (copy it).

1. Must we go there right away? 2. Must he ring her up? 3. Must we stay after the lecture? 4. Must we write the test this week? 5. Must we learn the dialogue by heart?

2. State the meaning of the verb “need”, indicate its function, give the Russian equivalent.

1. You needn’t come round if you’d rather not. 2. You need not try quite so hard. Take it easy for a time. 3. We need not bother to refute these views. 4. They need have no fear of that. 5. You needn’t have taken so much trouble. 6. All this needn’t have taken place if only you had paid attention to my warning. 7. He need not have spoken to her in that way. He was unnecessarily cruel. 8. She doesn’t have to work on Mondays.

SHALL, SHOULD

SHALL

Certainty