CIVIL ENGINEERING
Text 1 Words and word combinations to be remembered:
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Civil engineering is claimed to be ‘the art of directing the great sources of power in nature for the use and convenience of man’. The part played by civil engineers in pioneering work and in developing wide areas of the world has been and continues to be enormous. Civil engineers must make use of many different branches of knowledge, including mathematics, theory of structures, hydraulics, soil mechanics, surveying, hydrology, geology and economics. Civil engineering was not distinguished from other branches of engineering until 200 years ago. Most early engineers were engaged in the construction of fortifications and were responsible for building the roads and bridges required for the movement of troops and supplies. The Roman armies of occupation in Europe were served by brilliant engineers but after the collapse of the Roman Empire there was little progress in communications until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the invention of the steam engine and the realization of the potentialities in the use of iron. Roads, canals, railways, ports, harbors and bridges were then built by engineers who adopted the prefix ‘civil’ to distinguish them from the military engineers and to emphasize the value of their work to the community.
Text-based assignments: I. General understanding. Answer the questions: 1. What is the role of civil engineering? 2. What branches of knowledge are necessary for civil engineers? 3. What was the task of most early engineers? 4. When did the progress in communications begin? 5. Why do we use the prefix “civil”? II. Translate into English: Претендовать, источники энергии, изыскательская работа, играть роль, гидравлика, гидрология, укрепление, провиант (продовольствие, припасы), изобретение парового двигателя, подчеркнуть ценность.
III. Fill in the missing words. Civil engineering directs the great sources of power in nature for the use and … of man. Civil engineers played an … part in pioneering work. Most early engineers were engaged in … of fortifications. After … of the Roman Empire there was little progress in …. The prefix “civil “is used to … engineers who built roads, canals, railways from the military engineers.
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