The Perfect Tenses.

Глаголы в формах Perfect указывают, что действие за­кончено или будет закончено к определенному моменту в нас­тоящем, прошедшем или будущем времени.

Формулы образования и сводная таблица.

 

	Perfect Active to have + Participle II	Perfect Passive to have + been + Parti­ciple II
Present   Past	He has received a letter Он получил письмо. He had received a letter by the evening yesterday. Он получил письмо вчера к вечеру.	The letter has been receiv­ed Письмо получено. The letter had been receiv­ed by the evening yester­day. Письмо было получено вчера к вечеру.

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Future

He will have received a letter by the evening tommorow Он получит письмо завтра к вечеру.

The letter will have been received by the evening tomorrow. Письмо будет получено завтра к вечеру.

Exercise 1. Point out the verbs in the Perfect Tenses.

1. a) are working, b) worked, c) has been worked

2. a) turn, b) were turning, c) has turned

3. a) will have mentioned, b) mentions, c) will mention

4. a) will be installed, b) had installed, c) was installed

5. a) are added, b) will be added, c) has added

6. a) was discovered, b) has been discovered, c) discovered

7. a) are coming, b) will come, c) had come

8. a) had been offered, b) offered, c) shall offer

9. a) is translating, b) have translated, c) has been

translated

10. a) makes, b) will be made, c) will have been made

Exercise 2. Choose the sentences in the Perfect Tenses and translate them.

1. They have carried out the plan successfully.

2. The plan has to be carried out.

3. The group will have carried out the plan by the 1-st of November.

4. The plan has been carried out.
5. The plan is being carried out.

6. The plan had been carried out by the 1-st of November.

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Exercise 3. Translate the sentences using the dictionary.

1. He has entered the Institute this year.

2. He has already returned to Moscow.

3. I have passed my examinations successfully.

4. I have attended lectures on history since January.

5. They have, not got any good results.

6. The new equipment had already been installed in the la­boratory when the delegation arrived.

7. He has never been there.

8. They had not checked the results of the experiments.

9. They will have done the research before the beginning of the experiment.

 

10. The experiment had been completed by the end of the last month.

11. He will have done his lessons by 6 o'clock.

12. He has been offered a very interesting job.

13. All necessary information had been stored in the compu­ter.

14. He has lived in Tyumen since 1965.

Exercise 4. Ask the questions in the way shown. Example: I have lost my key. Have I lost my key?

1. Peter has left his book at home.

2. This writer has lived in England for a long time.

3. i have told you the answer to the question.

4. The teacher has corrected his homework.

5. They had done the work well.

6. 1 have written a letter home.

7. Alex has read this book.

8. 1 have smoked 10 cigarrettes today.

9. He has just left for the University.

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Exercise 5. Make negative sentences using the statements in Exercise 4. Example: I have lost my key.

I have not lost my key.

Exercise 6. Change the verbs in these sentences from Past Simple into Present Perfect. Example: I recognized Mr. Johnson.

I have recognized Mr. Johnson.

1. I read the book.

2. He wrote a new book.

3. He told me the answer to my question.

4. They went away with their friends.

5. The students wrote some short stories.

6. We saw a play by Shaw.

7. We spoke about the play before.

8. John left his book at home.

9. All the students left their books at home.

Exercise 7. Put the verbs that are in brackets into the Fu­ture Perfect Tense. Example: When they get there the film (start) already. When they get there the film will have alrea­dy started.

1. By half-past seven we (have) supper.

2. I (finish) my woFk before you go away.

3. By this time next week you (take) your examinations.

4. When we see you next week we (buy) a new car.

5. He (finish) the building of the house before summer.

6. We (leave) your house before it gets dark.

7. By the end of the year I (read) two books of Essential English.

8. The dance party (start) before we get there.

9. The birds (fly) away before the winter comes.

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10. I hope you (not forget) all about the Future Perfect Tense by the next lesson.

Exercise 8. Put in the right tense: Past Simple, Past Per­fect, Persent Perfect or Present Simple.

1. I... John yesterday (saw / have seen).

2. Did you? I... him for weeks (didn't see / haven't se­en).

3. I... Mary since 1975 (know /have known).

4. I think I... her very well (know / have known).

5.... to India? (Have you ever been/Did you ever go).

6. How long... that watch? (have you had / did you have / do you have).

7. John... a new car two weeks ago (bought / has bought).

8. Molly lives in Dublin. She... there all her life (li­ves / has lived / lived).

9. John and Mary are married. They... for 10 years (are married / have been married / were married).

 

10. I... tennis when I was on holiday last summer (didn't play / hadn't play).

11. The woman was a complete stranger to me. I... her be­fore (didn't ever see / hadn't ever seen).

Exercise 9. Put in since, for or ago.

1. We've lived in London... eight years.

2. I've only known her... yesterday.

3. I entered the Institute three years....

4. She's been a teacher... fifteen years.

5. It's been raining... three days.

6. I first went to the USA about seven years....

7. Mary phoned a few minutes....

8. I haven't seen her... weeks.

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9. I haven't visited them... June.
10. He hasn't smoked... two years.

Exercise 10. Write 5 sentences about things which have just happend. Examples: We have just done exercise 9.