Read the text and make up its plan. Draw three schemes on the first paragraph of the text.
* * * Biology is the science of living things. The word “biology” comes from two Greek words: bio-“life” and logos “discourse” or “study. Biology includes all the facts and principles which have been derived from a scientific study of living things. The special study of plants, called Botany, and of animals, called Zoology, are the two subdivisions of the science of biology. Plants and animals are called organisms, so biology can also be defined as the science of organisms. Biology is the science of life and people who are engaged in it are called biologists. They study the secrets of living things. Their discoveries are of great value to all mankind. Biologists have made a great contribution to science. They increase our food supply, they develop new and better varieties of plants and animals. Scientific methods of farming give us much more food. Biology tells us about our body: how it is constructed and how it functions. It gives us important information about other living things and how their lives affect mankind.A knowledge of biology will help us to keep healthy. It will be our guide in solving many of everyday living and scientific problems. Biologists control many diseases. They have saved millions of lives by discovering the causes of these diseases and methods of prevention and cure. Vaccines penicillin and sulfa are products of the biological laboratory. Biologists have solved many mysteries of the body. They have discovered how blood circulates, how food is digested and many other secrets of life. They are now working in different fields of biology and their studies lead to a solution of many problems. A biologist's laboratory is a fascinating place. There you can find a variety of plants and animals, some of which are invisible to the naked eye. There are powerful microscopes and other instruments. One of the most important tools of a scientist is his laboratory notebook. It always keeps complete and accurate records of his observations and experiments. Carrying out their work biologists use the scientific method that is: 1. They find out everything that is known about the problem by reading or discussing the matter with others. 2. They think of several possible explanations or solutions. Some of them may be wrong. One or more of the others may be right. 3. They test all the possibilities by experiments. They repeat the experiment several times and make every effort to prevent errors. 4. When they have reached a conclusion they inform other scientists. Read text 1.4 again, find English equivalents to the Russian words.
Read the text once more and match the following words from A to their meanings from B. A B 1. living thing a) a quality of not being the same 2. to discover b) growing crops 3. to contribute c) to rescue, to keep from danger or harm 4. variety d) a plant or animal 5.farming e) to have as its result 6. to solve f) to obtain knowledge of something 7. disease g) the process of solving the problem 8. to save h) to help to bring about 9. to prevent i) to find the answer to a problem 10. to cure j) to keep from happening 11. to lead k) an unhealthy condition 12. solution l) to restore to health
1.7 What do the following words refer to? Read the sentences with them. Value, information, function, biological, prevention, knowledge, cause, to save, method, mystery, solution, to increase, contribution, disease, naked, instruments, observations.
Complete the sentences from the text above. 1. Biology is… 2. Biologists study… 3. They’ve increased… 4. Biologists control… 5. They have solved… 6. Biologists have saved… 7. They have discovered… 8. Their studies lead to… 9. In a biologist's laboratory you may find... 10. One of the most important tools... 11. It always keeps...
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