Translation Notes

¹ При переводе русских заголовков на английский язык следует учитывать сле­дующее:

1) В заголовках отсутствуют артикли и глаголы-связки;

2) Заголовки должны быть краткими, но они редко строятся как назывное пред­ложение (напр. Visit of UN Secretary General);

3) Заголовок, как правило, выражает основную идею статьи и строится как обычное предложение, в котором есть подлежащее и сказуемое;

4) При этом прошедшее действие передается глаголом настоящего времени (напр. Russian President Visits Japan — если визит состоялся); будущее дей­ствие передается модальным глаголом be to, но глагол-связка отсутствует (напр. Russian President to Visit Japan— если визит только предстоит), а на­стоящее время передается при помощи Present Continuous, глагол-связка отсутствует (напр. Russian President Visiting Japan — если визит проходит в настоящий момент);

5) Предлагаемый вариант перевода данного заголовка: (The) UN Secretary General to Visit Russia. Однако вы можете предложить свой собственный ва­риант, учитывая вышесказанное.

² При переводе русских безличных предложений можно использовать Passive Voice в английском варианте, но лучше ввести формальное подлежащее, напр. He, They, The sides и т.п.

 

SECTION B

I

Read the article and look up the meaning of the underlined words and phrases in the dictionary.

HOW THE UN WORKS

The United Nations was established on 24 October 1945 by 51 countries committed topreserving peace through international cooperation and collective security. Today, nearly every nation in the world belongs to the UN: membership now totals nearly 200 countries.

When states become members of the United Nations, they agree to accept the obligations of the UN Charter, an international treaty which sets out basic principles of international relations. According to the Charter, the UN has four purposes: to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights, and to be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations.

UN members are sovereign countries. The United Nations is not a world government, and it does not make laws. It does, however, provide the means to help resolve international conflicts and formulate policies on matters affecting all of us.

The United Nations is much more than a peacekeeper and forum for conflict resolution. Often without attracting attention, the United Nations is engaged in a vast array of work that touches every aspect of people's lives around the world.

Child survival and development. Environmental protection. Human rights. Health and medical research. Alleviation of poverty and economic development. Agricultural development and fisheries. Education. Family planning. Emergency and disaster relief. Air and sea travel. Peaceful uses of atomic energy. Labour and worker's rights. The list goes on and on.

The United Nations has six main organs. Five of them — the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council and the Secretariat — are based at UN Headquarters in New York. The sixth, the International Court of Justice, is located at the Hague, the Netherlands.

The General Assembly

All UN member states are represented in the General Assembly — a kind of parliament of nations which meets to consider the world's most pressing problems. Each member state has one vote. Decisions on "important matters," such as international peace and security, admitting new members, the UN budget are decided by two-thirds majority. Other matters are decided by simple majority. In recent years, a special effort has been made to reach decisions through consensus, rather than by formal vote.

The Assembly holds its annual regular session from September to December. When necessary, it may resume its session, or hold a special or emergency session on subjects of particular concern.