Types of Socialization

There are different types of socialization: primary, secondary, developmental, anticipatory socialization and resocialization.

Primary socialization occurs when a child learns the attitudes, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture. For example if a child saw his/her mother expressing a discriminatory opinion about a minority group, then that child may think this behavior is acceptable and could continue to have this opinion about minority groups.

Secondary socialization refers to the process of learning what is appropriate behavior as a member of a smaller group within the larger society. It is usually associated with teenagers and adults, and involves smaller changes than those occurring in primary socialization, for example entering a new profession, relocating to a new environment or society.

Developmental socialization is the process of learning behavior in a social institution or developing your social skills.

Anticipatory socialization refers to the processes of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions, occupations, and social relationships.

Resocialization refers to the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life. This occurs throughout the human life cycle. Resocialization can be an intense experience, with the individual experiencing a sharp break with their past, and needing to learn and be exposed to radically different norms and values. An example might be the experience of a young man or woman leaving home to join the military, or a religious convert internalizing the beliefs and rituals of a new faith. An extreme example would be the process by which a transsexual learns to function socially in a dramatically altered gender role.

 

Vocabulary primary socialization – первичная социализация

anticipatory socialization – предварительная социализация

resocialization – ресоциализация; отказ от ранее усвоенных ценностей и замена их радикально другими

to occur - происходить

appropriate - подходящий

a discriminatory opinion – пристрастное мнение

to rehearse - репетировать to discard - отказываться convert - новообращенный

Задание 2. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1. What types of socialization are described in the text?

2. When does primary socialization occur?

3. Whom secondary socialization is usually associated with?

4. What processes does anticipatory socialization refer to?

5. What are the examples of resocialization?