Раздел 1. Страдательный залог (Passive Voice)

 

Страдательный залог (Passive Voice)

 

Страдательный залог употребляется в том случае, когда объект действия более важен, чем исполнитель (субъект) этого действия. Страдательный залог образуется при помощи одной из форм глагола to be и причастия прошедшего времени (past participle).

	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Present Simple	He builds the house.	The house is built.
Past Simple	He built the house.	The house was built.
Future Simple	He will build the house.	The house will be built.
Present Continuous	He is building the house.	The house is being built.
Past Continuous	He was building the house.	The house was being built.
Present Perfect	He has built the house.	The house has been built.
Past Perfect	He had built the house.	The house had been built.
Future Perfect	He will have built the house.	The house will have been built.

В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим. В отрицательной форме отрицательная частица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола:

Are these problems often discussed? – These problems are not often discussed.

В предложениях с пассивным сказуемым исполнитель действия в основном не указывается, но если его нужно указать, он вводится предлогом by.

Sociology was defined independently by Auguste Comte in 1838. – Социология была определена независимой наукой Огюстом Контом в 1838 году.

Предлог with ставится перед словом, обозначающим инструмент, материал или вещество, при помощи которого было совершено действие; предлог of ставится перед словом, обозначающим материал.

The ground was covered with snow. – Земля была покрыта снегом.

This chair is made of wood. – Этот стул сделан из дерева.

 

 

Задание 1.1. Поставьте глаголы в нужную форму, используя страдательный залог:

1. Cheesefrom milk (make).

2. Several villagesbadlyby the flood last year (damage).

3. The letter_already(write).

4. New roadnext year (build).

5. The carnow (repair).

6. Most of the Earth‘s surface_

by water (cover).

7. The work

by 6 o‘clock tomorrow (finish).

8. The computer_at the moment (use).

9. The bookrecently (translate).

10. The roomwhen I arrived (clean).

11. Breadalreadywhen I came to the shop (sell).

12. He_to the wedding last week (invite).

13. The taskby 12 o‘clock tomorrow (do).

14. The problemnow (discuss).

15. Servicein the bill (include).

 

 

Задание 1.2. Переведите предложения из действительного залога в страдательный:

1. They have postponed the concert.

 

game.

2. He opens the door.

3. Somebody was recording our conversation.

4. They have built a new hospital near the stadium.

5. Somebody is using the computer at the moment.

6. He wrote a new book last month.

7. Someone has stolen her bag in the shop.

8. They will repair this road next month.

9. She washes her dog every week.

10. When we got to the stadium we learnt that they had cancelled the

 

 

11. Somebody has taken my chair.

12. He will send me a letter next week.

13. She sells vegetables.

14. My uncle collected coins.

15. She is reading a magazine now.