Exercise 5

Translate the following sentences paying attention to Participial Constructions:

1. Having interconnected four corner columns by edge beams the builders formed a rigid framed structure.

2. The site being with limited open space, there was used an off-site construction method for erecting the building.

3. The project having been completed, they could undertake another task.

4. Architects control a project from start to finish and work with a number of construction professionals, including surveyors and engineers producing drawings and specifications.

5. He was heard discussing construction problems with the chief engineer.

6. The design having been approved, the construction began.

7. The ends comprise two panels, the uprights being spaced at 3.90 m centres.

8. The floor panels have different spans, the different slab strengths being provided by post-tensioning.

9. The project having been approved, they started working at it immediately.

10. The Stata Complex includes two towers sitting on a wide base, the roof of the base being the heart of the Stata Complex.

1. Ironically, the generation gap that Modernism first revealed decades ago was evident at this conference as well, the lack of representation from the emerging generation of participants and scholars having resulted in an event that remained mostly retrospective.