UNIT 4. THE NOUN

 

Ex.1. Make nouns from the following words by adding - ion (-tion, -sion) to their end.

 

-ion (-tion, -sion)

встречается в существительных, обозначающих а) действие или процесс (preparation); b) состояние или качество (conviction); c) конкретный результат действия (translation).

 

1. He is a teacher who inspires respect and ___________ from his pupils. (devote)
2. We need to take a lot of factors into account before making a __________. (decide)
3. When you finish doing the crossword, the __________ is on the back page. (solve)
4. It took a lot of __________ to convince the committee of the advantages of the new scheme. (persuade)
5. The dispute is based on the widely differing __________ of the law. (interpret)
6. Her __________ to the plan is based on incorrect facts. (object)
7. A customer has given the police a very detailed ___________ of the men who robbed the post office. (describe)
8. She did no __________ but she still got a very high mark. (revise)
9. You will need official __________ from the council to extend your garage. (permit)
10. I have applied for the __________ to my visa. (extend)
11. The new drug is only available on __________. (prescribe)
12. Did you come to any _____ at the meeting this morning? (conclude)
13. So many people nowadays are obsessed with the __________ of wealth. (create)
14. These are huge price __________ in many shops during the summer sales. (reduce)
15. The new hospital was ready for the ___________ of its first patients. (receive)
16. He left England with the __________ of travelling in Africa. (intend)
17. I don’t want people coming to see me out of a sense of _________. (oblige)

 

Ex.2. Make nouns ending in -cy from the following adjectives.

-cy	выделяется в образованных от именных основ именах существительных, обозначающих состояние или качество (fluency).

1. Swiss watches are famous for their __________. (accurate)
2. A __________ for an office manager was advertised in the newspaper. (vacant)
3. This is a matter of great __________. It must be discussed as soon as possible. (urgent)
4. Donkeys are known for their __________. They will not do what they are told. (obstinate)
5. After five years in London, of course he speaks English with great __________. (fluent)
6. He always did his job well. Everyone appreciated his __________. (efficient)
7. The __________ of this bus service is about one every ten minutes. (frequent)
8. I do not like to be visited or phoned too much at home. I like my __________. (private)
9. Far more resources are needed to improve adult __________. (literate)
10. There is a __________ of really good books on this subject. (deficient)

 

Ex.3. Make nouns from the following words by adding -ment to their end.

 

-ment

встречается в существительных, образованных от глагольных основ и обозначающих а) действие или состояние (amazement, argument); b) результат действия (judgement).

 

1. It gives you a sense of ___________ if you actually make it to the end of a very long book. (achieve)

2. We sent her a copy of the book in __________ of her part in its creation. (acknowledge)

3. As the country prepares for war, more and more money is being spent on __________. (arms)

4. The President made an unexpected __________ this morning. (announce)

5. He got into an __________ with Jeff in the pub last night. (argue)

6. She is known for her __________ to left-wing politics. (commit)

7. How long have you been looking for __________? (employ)

8. He has been having __________ for two months now without any __________. (treat, improve)

9. The project has demanded considerable __________ of time and effort. (invest)

10. We’d like you to accept this gift in __________ for your kindness. (pay)

11. Many people think that the death penalty is too severe a __________ for any crime. (punish)

12. The agency sent a __________ for the secretary who resigned. (replace)

13. A good degree is a minimum __________ for many jobs. (require)

14. It now seems unlikely that it will be possible to reach a peaceful __________ of the conflict. (settle)

15. The money I get from teaching evening classes provides a __________ to my main income. (supply)

 

Ex.4. In each space below put a noun made from the word in brackets.

 

1. I have come to the __________ that he is not the right person for the job. (conclude)
2. She dislikes the loss of __________ that attends TV celebrities. (private)
3. Who took the __________ to go ahead with the project? (decide)
4. Put an __________ in the local paper to sell your car. (advertise)
5. The new model will be in __________ by the end of the year. (produce)
6. There has been some __________ in unemployment. (reduce)
7. __________ in French is required for this job. (fluent)
8. She did not feel under any __________ to tell him the truth. (oblige)
9. __________ of the verdict was accompanied by shouts and cheers. (announce)
10. The company needs a __________ of trading standards. (revise)
11. They questioned the __________ of the information in the file. (accurate)
12. Susan is going to take early __________. (retire)
13. There is no simple __________ to this problem. (solve)
14. The __________ should fit the crime. (punish)
15. I was impressed by the __________ with which she handled the crisis. (efficient)
16. Antibiotics are not available without a __________. (prescribe)
17. I have every __________ of paying her back what I owe her. (intend)

 

Ex.5. Make nouns ending in -ence from the following words, making any necessary changes in spelling.

-ence

встречается в отвлеченных именах существительных, обозначающих «действие, а также состояние или качество» (existence, defence).

1. He could not go to university but continued his education through _________ courses. (correspond)
2. This monument is in memory of the men and women who died in _________ of this country. (defend)
3. Police dogs are trained to a high standard of __________. (obey)
4. Tea or coffee? Do you have any __________? (prefer)
5. She was not really angry at all. It was just __________. (pretend)
6. Dictionaries, encyclopedias and atlases are called __________ books. (refer)
7. The doctors tried to cure him of his __________ on drugs. (depend)
8. The United Nations came into __________ in 1945. (exist)
9. Despite his __________ that he was innocent, he was arrested. (insist)
10. I cannot tell the __________ between butter and margarine. (differ)
11. I hope she did not take __________. I was only joking. (offend)
12. I met John on holiday quite by chance. What a __________! (coincide)
13. She complained of ___________ by her mother-in-law in her private affairs. (interfere)
14. ‘Place of __________’ means the place where you live. (reside)
15. I am telling you this in __________ – do not tell a soul about it. (confident)

 

Ex.6. Make nouns from the following words by adding the suffix -ance and making any other necessary changes in spelling.

-ance

встречается в а) отвлеченных именах существительных, обозначающих действие, а также состояние или качество (ignorance); b) некоторых конкретных существительных (entrance).

1. It was the actor’s finest __________. (perform)
2. The teacher kept a record of every student’s __________. (attend)
3. This signature bears no __________ to mine! It is a forgery! (resemble)
4. When I received the offer of a job, I immediately wrote a letter of __________. (accept)
5. The police were called to a __________ at a private party last night. (disturb)
6. My house __________ covers me for fire, flood, theft and damage. (insure)
7. When she was very old she could not look after herself without __________. (assist)
8. When people kept talking during the film, he showed his __________ by turning round and looking at them. (annoy)
9. The __________ to the park is through that gate there. (enter)
10. After fierce __________ for two days, the soldiers surrendered to the enemy. (resist)
11. By continuing his journey alone, on foot, in freezing weather without food for two days he showed remarkable powers of __________. (endure)
12. The Automobile Association recommends __________ of the city centre during the present road repairs. (avoid)
13. She has a lot of business __________ but very few real friends. (acquaint)
14. Residents are fed up with __________ caused by the nightclub. (disturb)
15. He was famous for his __________ and wit. (elegant)

 

Ex.7. Make nouns ending in -ence or -ance from the following words.

1. The police were there to prevent any possible __________. (violent)
2. There was complete ___________ except for the sound of the birds. (silent)
3. He was very unsure of himself. He did not have much __________. (confident)
4. She dressed with great __________ in clothes of the latest French fashions. (elegant)
5. Although he maintained his __________ to the end, he was sent to prison. (innocent)
6. It does not matter. It is of no __________. (important)
7. What a silly thing to do. I thought he had more __________. (intelligent)
8. He thinks he is the only person who is right! What __________! (arrogant)
9. Zimbabwe gained its __________ in 1975. (independent)
10. He did not like school, and went every day with great __________. (reluctant)
11. Please have a little __________. We must wait another hour. (patient)
12. Please send the goods at your earliest __________. (convenient)
13. The boss did not believe that her __________ was due to illness. (absent)
14. People normally stand in the __________ of the Queen. (present)
15. Her __________ and enthusiasm have helped the group to achieve good results. (persist)

 

Ex.8. Make nouns from the following verbs, making any necessary changes in spelling.

-al	встречается в существительных, образованных от глагольных основ, со значением «действия или состояния» (arrival).

 

1. His unpunctuality and bad work soon led to his __________ from the firm. (dismiss)
2. After the funeral service in the church, we went out to the graveyard for the __________. (bury)
3. Thousands of people were waiting at the airport for the President’s __________. (arrive)
4. __________ of your season ticket for another six months will cost you $100. (renew)
5. To get married before you are eighteen, you will need your parents’ __________ and consent. (approve)
6. The first performance of the play is tomorrow. The actors are having a final __________ tonight. (rehearse)
7. At the end of the five-day __________, he was found guilty and sent to prison. (try)
8. The factory manager wants to use different machines but the workers don’t like this __________. (propose)
9. He made a complete __________ of the accusation against him but one believed him. (deny)
10. I do not understand his __________ to help us. He is usually very helpful. (refuse)
11. The new republican government demanded the __________ of the king’s statue from the main square. (remove)
12. The commander-in-chief was given 36 hours to secure a __________ of his troops from the combat zone. (withdraw)
13. It was a very complicated __________ and it went for months. (try)
14. There has been an angry reaction to the government’s __________ to reduce unemployment benefit. (propose)
15. Hundreds of people gathered to await the boxer’s _________ at the airport. (arrive)

 

Ex.9. Make nouns from the following words by adding the suffix -ness.

-ness

образует имена существительные от основ прилагательных и глаголов, имеющие общее отвлеченное значение качества и состояния (sickness, forgiveness)

1. He is worried about his increasing __________. He might get a wig. (bald)
2. What __________ to leave a baby out in the hot sun. (foolish)
3. I have some __________ in my left ear. (deaf)
4. I like the __________ of this street. It is very peaceful. (quiet)
5. She does not have to worry about her __________ – everyone things she is beautiful. (attract)
6. Her __________ does not stop her from having a full and active life. (blind)
7. She has never felt such __________ before, it was as if her worries had disappeared. (calm)
8. The garden was a __________ of weeds and overgrown bushes. (wild)
9. Vanity was her greatest __________. (weak)
10. Drinking unclear water can cause __________. (sick)
11. It was with great __________ that I heard of your uncle’s death. (sad)
12. She bears a stronger __________ to her mother than to her father. (like)
13. Public __________ of the problem will make politicians take it seriously. (aware)
14. Forty years of the totalitarian system have left behind a material and spiritual __________. (empty)
15. The __________ of people around here is wonderful. (friendly)
16. We experienced a frightening feeling of __________ as we saw her wheeled in to the operating theatre. (help)
17. To begin a war would be absolute __________. (mad)
18. If these discussions are to succeed, we will need __________ on both sides. (open)
19. She nursed her father with devotion and great ___________ during his long illness. (tender)
20. What struck me about the city was its __________. (ugly)

 

Ex.10. Make nouns from the following adjectives by adding the suffix -(i)ty.

 

-(i)ty

встречается в абстрактных именах существительных, образованных обычно от основ прилагательных и обозначающих состояние, положение, иногда качество, свойство (certainty, curiosity).

 

1. The teacher insisted on __________. (punctual)
2. Men and women should have __________ of pay and opportunity. (equal)
3. The international __________ of the Beatles was amazing. (popular)
4. There is some __________ between German and Dutch. (similar)
5. I am unable to answer that question with any __________. (certain)
6. It is a problem of great __________. (complex)
7. I am burning with __________ – you must tell me who has won. (curious)
8. There is a wide __________ of opinion on this problem. (diverse)
9. You will have to sign the visitors’ book but it is just a __________. (formal)
10. Here friends take advantage of her __________, and stay in her house for months. (generous)
11. They showed open __________ to their new neighbours. (hostile)
12. I do not mind the weather, but I hate this high __________. (humid)
13. Hitler was guilty of enormous crimes against __________. (human)
14. Animals in the zoo have lost the __________ of catching food for themselves. (capable)
15. The explosion was of such __________ that it was heard for miles away. (intensive)
16. The __________ of the employees have university degrees. (major)
17. It is a privileged __________ of people who can afford two homes. (minor)
18. My top __________ is to find somewhere to live. (prior)
19. __________ in the steel industry improved by 5 percent last year. (productive)
20. The farmer was accused of __________ to animals. (cruel)
21. He demonstrated a worrying __________ about political issues. (naïve)
22. The system has the __________ to run more than one program at the same time. (able)

 

Ex.11. In each space below put a noun made from the word in brackets.

 

1. I can’t agree to anything without my partner’s __________. (approve)
2. In America, presidential __________ are held every four years. (elect)
3. Her novels have gained in __________ over recent years. (popular)
4. Do you notice any family __________ between them? (like)
5. His __________ that the system should be changed was rejected. (propose)
6. For the sake of ___________, let’s divide the discussion into two parts. (simple)
7. She is awaiting __________ on corruption charges. (try)
8. He treated them with __________ and __________. (generous, thoughtful)
9. The flowers of the hop plant add __________ to the beer. (bitter)
10. The silence and __________ of the house did not scare her. (empty)
11. There has been a great deal of __________ surrounding his disappearance. (public)
12. He agreed with my __________ that we should change the date. (suggest)
13. What an unusual __________ of flavours! (combine)
14. Wage rates depend on levels of __________. (productive)
15. They carried out __________ checks at the airport. (secure)
16. He took advantage of my utter __________. (help)
17. There was a break in __________ due to a technical fault. (transmit)
18. Our future __________ depends on economic growth. (prosperous)
19. We apologize for the late __________ of the train. (arrive)
20. That is one of her less attractive aspects of her __________. (personal)

 

Ex.12. Make nouns from the following words by adding the suffix -age.

 

-age	встречается в именах существительных, образованных обычно от основ прилагательных или глаголов и обозначающих а) действие или результат действия (drainage, leakage); b) состояния (bondage); с) конкретный предмет (bandage)

 

1. Any ___________ must be paid for. (break)
2. These books give very good grammar __________. (cover)
3. She has two daughters by her first __________. (marry)
4. There is a __________ of food and shelter in the refugee camps. (short)
5. The __________ of the car was scattered over the roadside. (wreck)
6. An __________ is a home for children whose parents are dead or unable to care for them. (orphan)
7. The __________ was wrapped in plain brown paper. (pack)
8. Please enclose £15.99, plus £2 for __________. (post)
9. A narrow __________ led directly through the house into the garden. (pass)
10. She was held __________ by the gunmen. (host)

 

Ex.13. Make nouns from the following words by adding the proper suffixes.

 

-ure	встречается в именах существительных, обозначающих действие, а также его результат (exposure, signature)
-dom	встречается в именах существительных, образованных обычно от именных основ и обозначающих состояние, положение (boredom)

 

1. Our __________ was delayed because of bad weather. (depart)
2. Blue whales are the largest __________ ever to have lived. (create)
3. Someone had forged her __________ on the cheque. (sign)
4. His visits gave his grandparents such __________. (please)
5. The __________ of the factory is likely to cost 1000 jobs. (close)
6. Their attempt to climb Everest ended in __________. (fail)
7. The __________ of flour, water and yeast is then left in a warm place for four hours. (mix)
8. These plants need a rich soil which retains __________. (moist)
9. The nurse applied __________ to his arm to stop the bleeding. (press)
10. They started quarrelling out of sheer __________. (bore)
11. One certainly hopes to gain a little ___________ as one grows older. (wise)
12. The band rocketed to __________ with their first single. (star)
13. Children are allowed much more __________ these days. (free)

 

Ex.14. Make nouns from the following words by adding the proper suffixes.

 

-hood	встречается в именах существительных, образованных обычно от именных основ и обозначающих а) состояние, положение (motherhood, childhood); b) качество (manhood); с) группу людей, для которых характерен признак, выраженный основой (brotherhood)
-ship	встречается в именах существительных, образованных обычно от именных основ и обозначающих а) состояние, положение, свойство (friendship, hardship); b) совокупность лиц (membership); с) конкретный предмет (scholarship)

 

1. __________ is not always a happy time. (child)
2. The prospect of __________ filled her with horror. (parent)
3. The ideal of the __________ of man is still far from reality. (brother)
4. There were lots of kids in my __________ when I was growing up. (neighbour)
5. A celebration is held for the boy at the age when he is considered to have reached __________. (man)
6. People in Britain legally reach __________ at 18. (adult)
7. He was granted Canadian __________. (citizen)
8. He developed his own program in __________ with an American expert. (partner)
9. The world __________ will be held in Scotland next year. (champion)
10. The __________ of General Franco lasted for nearly 40 years. (dictator)
11. Paula went to the Royal College of Music on a __________. (scholar)
12. Scientists have established the __________ between lung cancer and smoking. (relation)
13. Do you have any proof of __________ of this car? (owner)
14. You have to apply for __________ of the sports club. (member)
15. He lacks __________ skills. (leader)

 

Ex.15. Make nouns from the following words by adding the suffix -th.

 

-th	встречается в именах существительных, образованных обычно от основ глаголов и прилагательных и обозначающих а) действие и результат действия (growth); b) состояние или качество (width, youth)

 

1. I've put a T-shirt on under my sweater for extra __________. (warm)
2. A balanced diet is essential for healthy __________. (grow)
3. I was a fairly good football player in my __________. (young)
4. He showed great __________ of character when he refused to accept the bribes. (strong)
5. The boat is ten metres in __________. (long)
6. The needle is seven times smaller than the __________ of a human hair. (wide)
7. The __________ of her knowledge is amazing. (broad)
8. There would seem to be some __________ in what she says. (true)
9. Anne was French by _________ but lived most of her life in Italy. (born)

 

Ex.16.Put in each space below a noun made from the word in brackets after the sentences.

 

1. South Africa has great mineral __________. (wealthy)
2. I must drink something. I am dying of __________. (thirsty)
3. To be a soldier you need to be strong and in good __________. (healthy)
4. There was no doubt about his __________. He was sent to prison for five years. (guilty)
5. To be successful you need ability and you need __________. (lucky)
6. She felt great __________ at being treated so badly. (angry)
7. I must eat something. I am dying of __________. (hungry)
8. I do not know how to express my __________ for your help. (grateful)
9. In past wars soldiers were sometimes shot for __________. (cowardly)
10. If I had the __________, I would stop working tomorrow. (choose)
11. The __________ of the factory will lead to a number of job __________. (close, lose)
12. He left his town to find __________ in the big city. (famous)
13. ___________ is one of the world’s great problems. (poor)
14. The tourists were impressed by the __________ of the jewellery in the museum. (splendid)
15. He was filled with __________ at the terrible things he saw in the war. (horrible)
16. His __________ was hurt when a younger man was given the job above him. (proud)
17. The ice quickly melted in the __________ of the sun. (hot)
18. It will be a clear night with some ground __________. (freeze)
19. What is the __________ of that mountain? (high)
20. People can be allergic to certain __________. (feed)
21. The gang admitted they had committed four recent bank __________. (rob)
22. There is a rise in the number of __________ committed in the area. (burgle)
23. Tell the __________. (true)
24. He was very bright. He passed the exam with __________. (easy)
25. It is very late. There is not much __________ of his coming now. (likely)
26. He escaped to __________ by climbing over the prison wall. (free)
27. He died to save the lives of others. It was an act of __________. (heroic)
28. He was a very thoughtful, philosophical person. A man of great __________. (wise)
29. It was a long, slow film. I nearly died of __________. (boring)
30. He was delighted by the __________ of the welcome he received. (warm)
31. The __________ of the bridge is about two kilometres. (long)
32. The __________ of the road is not great enough to take large trucks. (wide)
33. The __________ of the water here is over three metres. (deep)
34. The __________ of the president was announced on the radio. (dead)
35. I think it shows ___________ of character to admit you are wrong. (strong)
36. In his __________ he travelled a lot. Now he is too old. (young)
37. The long hot summer has led to serious water __________. (short)
38. He died a natural __________, peacefully at home in the night. (die)
39. Add three dollars for __________ and packing. (post)

 

Ex.17. Use negative suffixes dis-, mis-, in- to make new words.

 

1. The fact that he didn’t speak a foreign language put him at a distinct _____ advantage.
2. There is _____ agreement among archaeologists as to the age of the sculpture.
3. To our great _____ appointment, it rained every day of the trip.
4. She looked at my dirty clothes with obvious _____ approval.
5. He stared at me in _____ belief.
6. John’s presence caused her considerable _____ comfort.
7. Her behaviour has brought _____ grace on her family.
8. His financial affairs were in complete _____ order.
9. No _____ respect intended sir. It was just a joke.
10. Many people have expressed their _____ satisfaction with the arrangement.
11. We had the _____ fortune to run into a violent storm.
12. A _____ print is a mistake such as a spelling mistake that is made when a book is printed.
13. She has a deep _____ trust of strangers.
14. All contracts are translated to avoid any _____ understanding between the companies.
15. Some families go without medical treatment because of their _____ ability to pay.
16. The article is full of _____ accuracies.
17. The accident was the result of a moment’s _____ attention.
18. He was dismissed for _____ competence.
19. We apologize for the delay and regret any _____ convenience it may have caused.
20. He thought social _____ equality was all part of the natural order of things.
21. He felt angry at the _____ justice of the situation.
22. She accused him of _____ sincerity.
23. She realized that her youth and ______ experience had been exploited.

 

Ex.18. Make nouns from the following words by adding -ant, -ian to the end.

 

1. She is just got a job with a firm of __________. (account)
2. The __________ is coming to do the rewiring on Tuesday. (electricity)
3. How many __________ did you have for the job? (apply)
4. The bomb killed four soldiers and three __________. (civil)
5. The girl’s parents or _________ must give their consent before she has the operation. (guard)
6. The __________ of the village protested against the new road. (inhabit)
7. All __________ finishing the race will receive a medal. (participate)
8. Merlin was the __________ in the stories of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. (magic)
9. The concert features dancers, singers and __________ of all nationalities. (music)
10. In the USA an __________ is a person whose job is to sell people glasses and other things to correct eye problems. (optic)
11. You had better ask the sales __________ where the kitchen ware department is. (assist)
12. The number of __________ from the UK to other EU countries is set to rise over the next few years. (emigrate)
13. She thinks that __________ cannot be trusted. (politics)
14. A brilliant __________, Palmer was probably the most accomplished pianist of his time. (technique)
15. I think we need to see a computer __________ before we make an expensive mistake. (consult)
16. Illegal __________ are sent back across the border if they are caught. (immigrate)
17. In the 19^th century, far more people had __________ than is the case now. (serve)
18. A __________ person whose job is to make people laugh by telling jokes. (comedy)
19. I am going to talk to a __________ to see if he can help with my allergies. (diet)

 

Ex.19. Make nouns from the following words by adding -ist, -or/ -er or -ee to their end.

1. Monet is one of my favourite __________. (art)
2. A __________ is someone who sells tickets on a bus. (conduct)
3. I am pleased to say that I am a proud __________ of a driving license. (possess)
4. She works as a school __________. (administer)
5. The __________ came to the table to take out order. (wait)
6. The number of __________ in the company has increased over the past decade. (employ)
7. There will be a prize for the __________. (win)
8. George is a __________ and __________ by trade. (paint, decorate)
9. We need a reference from your former __________. (employ)
10. __________ rushed to the scene of the accident to interview the victims. (report)
11. He is a famous Hollywood __________. (produce)
12. The conference was attended by 200 delegates and also by ___________ from 30 countries. (observe)
13. The history department has five __________ and one professor. (lecture)
14. The stadium was packed with thousands of cheering __________. (spectacle)
15. My __________ wants my essay in by Friday. (supervise)
16. He is the party’s main economic __________. (advice)
17. His brother is a __________ in the Australian Navy. (sail)
18. My uncle is a keen stamp __________. (collect)
19. After the independence ceremony, the former __________ left the colony. (govern)
20. Who is the current __________ of The Times? (edit)