II. VOCABULARY EXERCISES1. Choose the right word or word-combination and put it in the sentence.
Fixed assets; net income; balance sheet; revenues; liabilities; the income statement; owners’ equity; net sales; current liabilities; general expenses; double-entry bookkeeping; statement of cash flows; expenses; liquidity; “the bottom line”; basic accounting equation; selling expenses; liquidity.
1. ………….is a statement of a firm’s assets, liabilities, and owners’ equity at a specific moment of time. 2. ………….are costs created in the process of generating revenues. 3. The owners claims on the assets are known as …………….. 4. Net income is also called …………... 5. The two sides of the …………….. must always be equal. 6. Gross sales minus returns and discounts equal ……………….. 7. The ease with which assets are converted into cash is termed ………………. 8. The actual profit or loss of the firm after expenses are subtracted from revenue is called ………………….. 9. Debts and obligations a company owes are …………………. 10. …………………. shows how a firm’s revenues compare with expenses over a given period of time, typically one year. 11. The system which requires two entries for every transaction so that the accounting equation is constantly in balance is known as ………………………. 12. ……………….. result from the sale of goods and services. 13. ………………… include accounts payable, notes payable, and accrued expenses. 14. ………………… shows a firm’s cash receipts and cash payments and presents information on sources and uses of cash. 15. …………………, such as land, buildings and machines, cannot be sold or turned into cash, as they are required for making and selling the firm’s products. 16. ………………… include advertising and salaries of salespeople. 17. ………………. are office and administrative expenses. 18. Ability to pay short-term obligations is termed ………….. 2. Complete the statements:
1. The balance sheet shows a. how profitable the organization has been over one year b. how profitable the organization has been over ten years c. how a company’s cash was received and spent d. a company’s financial situation on 31 December
2. Equipment, machinery, and furniture would all be examples of a. current assets b. fixed assets c. liabilities d. owners’ equity
3. Current liabilities include a. share capital and the company’s reserves b. accounts payable, notes payable, and accrued expenses c. cash d. bonds and long-term notes
4. If a firm has assets of $500,000 and liabilities of $200,000, then the owners’ equity must be a. $700,000 b. $300,000 c. $200,000 d. $500,000 5. If a firm has liabilities of $400,000 and owners’ equity of $300,000, then the assets must be a. $700,000. b. $100,000. c. $400,000 d. $300,000
6. A change on one side of the balance sheet means a. a change on the other side of the balance sheet b. no other changes at all c. a computational error d. changes elsewhere
7. The actual profit or loss of a firm after expenses and taxes are subtracted from revenue is called a. the income statement b. net sales c. net income d. all of the above
8. Cost of goods sold is deducted from net sales to obtain a company’s a. gross sales b. gross profit c. gross weight d. gross assets
9. The amount of business done by the company during the year should be a. evaluated by owners, creditors, and investors b. deducted from gross sales c. be smaller than its costs and overheads d. be greater than its costs and overheads
10. The statement of changes in financial position is an alternative name of a. the income statement b. the statement of cash flows c. the balance sheet d. the declaration of income
11. The statement of cash flows shows a. an excess of income over expenditure b. an excess of expenditure over income c. the flow of cash in and out of the business between income statement dates d. the flow of cash in and out of the business between balance sheet dates 3. Fill in prepositions or adverbs if necessary:
1.The balance sheet includes all elements ….. the accounting equation and shows the balance …… assets … one side … the equation and liabilities and owners’ equity … the other side. 2. Every company prepares a balance sheet … least … a year, often … the end of the calendar year. 3. Current assets consist … cash and other items that can become cash … one year. 4. Assets are listed … descending order … liquidity, or the ease …, which they can be, converted … cash. 5. Fixed assets are listed … current assets. 6. Liabilities are claims … the company’s assets or obligations arising … past transactions … the entity. 7.What remains … liabilities have been deducted … assets is owners’ equity. 8. The basic accounting equation, … accordance … the principle … double-entry bookkeeping, is that Assets = Liabilities + Owners’ Equity. 9. The income statement shows how a firm’s revenues compare … expenses … a given period of time. 10. Interested parties can evaluate the company’s financial position … comparing net income … one year … net income … previous years. 11.All public companies and many … owned firms prepare a statement of cash flows … addition … the income statement and balance sheet. 12. An excess … income … expenditure is termed profit.
4. Translate the following groups of words into English:
Годовые отчёты, последний день финансового года, платёжные требования к активам компании, другие статьи, занимать деньги, перечислять в нисходящем порядке, оставшаяся сумма, нераспределённая прибыль за год, взаимозависимость трёх компонентов, в левой части бухгалтерского уравнения, требуются две записи, влиять на активы, каждая операция, по этой причине, внутренне, внешне, на определённое число, за определённый период времени, реальная прибыль или убыток компании, общая сумма в долларах, затраты на сбыт и реализацию продукции, проистекать из всеобщего функционирования предприятия, износ офисного оборудования, иметь общее представление о размере компании, в конце концов, издержки и накладные расходы, несколько альтернативных названий, отчёт об источнике финансирования и использования денежных средств, банковские вклады, быстро и легко превращать в наличность, в неблагоприятный год.
5. In the wordbox below you should be able to find – horizontally (left to right), vertically (top to bottom), or diagonally (top left to bottom right) – at least 20 words used in accounting.
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