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Figure 3 shows the market supply curve and market demand curve together. Notice that there is one point at which the supply and demand intersect. This point is called the market’s equilibrium. The price at this intersection is called the equilibrium price, and the quantity is called the equilibrium quantity. Here the equilibrium price is $2.00 per cone, and the equilibrium quantity is 7 ice-cream cones.

 

 

At the equilibrium price, the quality of the good that buyers are willing and able to buy exactly balances the quantity that sellers are willing and able to sell.

If at a certain price the quantity of the good supplied exceeds the quantity demanded, there is a surplus of the good: Suppliers are unable to sell all they want at the going price.

The sellers reply to the surplus by cutting their prices. Falling prices, in turn, increase the quantity demanded and decrease the quantity supplied. Prices continue to fall until the market reaches the equilibrium.

Suppose now the price is below the equilibrium price. The quantity of the good demanded exceeds the quantity supplied. There is a shortage of the good: Demanders are unable to buy all they want at going price. With too many buyers chasing too few goods, sellers can respond to the shortage by raising their prices without losing sales. As the price rises, quantity demanded falls, quantity supplies rises, and the market once again moves toward the equilibrium.

Thus, the activities of the many buyers and sellers automatically push the market price toward the equilibrium price. This phenomenon is so pervasive that it is called the law of supply and demand: The price of any good adjusts to bring the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded for that good into balance.

 

Task 4. Translate the following word combinations

- unemployment growth

- hand-assembled machine

- computer software company Microsoft

- delivery service Federal Express

- sports clothing manufacturer Nike

- computer networking firm America OnLine

- ice cream maker Ben&Jerry’s

- small business investment company

- individual state agencies and universities

- Small Business Development Centre

- low-interest loan

 

 

Task 5. Translate the terms that are in bold in the text.

Task 6. Write down your translation of the italisized paragraph and comment on it.

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