Certification
Read and memorize the following words: licensure — лицензирование assessment — оценка pertaining to a product — относящихся к продукту developer — разработчик be able to do smth. — быть в состоянии что- либо делать complexity — сложность legally — законно to administer — управлять to require — требовать to pass an exam — сдавать экзамен assurance — гарантия
Certification refers to the confirmation of certain characteristics of an object, person, or organization. This confirmation is often, but not always, provided by some form of external review, education, or assessment. One of the most common types of certification in modern society is professional certification, where a person is certified as being able to competently complete a job or task, usually by the passing of an examination. There are two general types of professional certification: some are valid for a lifetime, once the exam is passed. Others have to be recertified again after a certain period of time. Also, certifications can differ within a profession by the level or specific area of expertise they refer to. For example, in the IT Industry there are different certifications available for software tester, project manager, and developer. Similarly, the Joint Commission on Allied Health Personnel in Ophthalmology offers three certifications in the same profession, but with increasing complexity. Certification does not refer to the state of legally being able to practice or work in a profession. That is licensure. Usually, licensure is administered by a governmental entity for public protection purposes and a professional association administers certification. Licensure and certification are similar in that they both require the demonstration of a certain level of knowledge or ability. Another common type of certification in modern society is product certification. This refers to processes intended to determine if a product meets minimum standards, similar to quality assurance. In first-party certification, an individual or organization providing the good or service offers assurance that it meets certain claims. In second-party certification, an association to which the individual or organization belongs provides the assurance. Third-party certification involves an independent assessment declaring that specified requirements pertaining to a product, person, process or management system have been met. For software testing the certifications can be grouped into exam-based and education-based. Exam-based certifications: For this there is the need to pass an exam, which can also be learned by self-study: e.g. for International Software Testing Qualifications Board Certified Tester by the International Software Testing Qualifications Board or Certified Software Tester by QAI or Certified Software Quality Engineer by American Society for Quality. Education-based certifications are the instructor-led sessions, where each course has to be passed, e.g. Certified Software Test Professional or Certified Software Test Professional by International Institute for Software Testing. Types of certification Academic degree Professional certification Product certification and certification marks Cyber security certification Digital signatures in public-key cryptography Music recording sales certification, such as "Gold" or "Platinum" Film certification, also known as Motion picture rating system Professional certification (computer technology) Laboratory Certification and audits
Questions: What is one of the most common types of certification in modern society?What does it mean? How many general types of certification do you know? What is the main difference between certification and licensure? How can the certifications for software testing be grouped? What is exam-based certification? What is education-based certification?
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