Vocabulary. 1. in response to в ответ на 2. traceable (adj.) относимый, приписываемый (чему-л.) 3. passageДоверь свою работу кандидату наук!
Exercise 2 Find the most suitable Russian equivalents to the following English collocations: Tax system has been marked by significant changes over the years; granted Congress the power to levy a tax; responding to changes in society; income tax expanded to cover most American families; limited need for revenue; raised revenue primarily through general real estate taxes, excises taxes, and taxes based on occupation; even though colonists were forced to pay these taxes; established a persistent wariness regarding taxation as part of the American culture; to pay the debts of the Revolutionary War, Congress levied excise taxes on distilled spirits; physically opposed the tax on whiskey; imposed an extra tax on imported rum to discourage its consumption.
Exercise 3 Find English equivalents to the following Russian collocations: В течение десятилетий федеральная, государственная и местная системы налогообложения характеризуются существенными изменениями; сегодня сборы от уплаты подоходного налога составляют более половины дохода федерального правительства; прежде всего южные колонии облагали налогом вывозимые и ввозимые товары; для того чтобы сражаться с Францией, Англия нуждалась в денежных доходах; испытывать недостаток своих представителей в Парламенте; согласно Статьям Конфедерации, каждый отдельный штат являлся суверенной единицей и мог вводить налоги по своему усмотрению; Конституция наделила Конгресс правом вводить и собирать налоги.
Exercise 4 Answer the following questions: 1. What have the federal, state and local tax system in the US been marked by? 2. Did the colonies have the same responsibilities during Colonial Times? 3. What did England’s need for revenue lead to? 4. What do you know about the Articles of Confederation? 5. What possibilities did Congress have under the Constitution? 6. What happened in 1794? 7. When and on what was the first direct tax levied? 8. When were excise taxes imposed? 9. Why did Congress impose an extra tax on imported rum?
Exercise 5 Guess the meaning of the words by their definitions: 1. the establishing of a law by a law-making body 2. a tax levied on land or buildings owned by someone 3. to be short (of) or have need (of) 4. to have trust or confidence 5. health, happiness, prosperity, and general wellbeing 6. to be against (something or someone) in speech or action 7. organized opposition to a government or other authority involving the use of violence 8. to make something available
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