Tax Code Part IThe highest norm on taxes is set in the Russian constitution article 57, which states, that " all are obliged to pay legally established taxes and duties." The article continues with setting the important principle that new taxes and adverse changes to taxes cannot be applied retrospectively. Further regulations are given in the Tax Code. The first part of the Tax Code was adopted in 1998 and entered into force on 1 January 1999. This first part of the Tax Code regulates general taxation matters, setting out the most important provisions of the Russian taxation system. It gives a closed list of possible taxes and charges (articles 13, 14 and 15). It specifies the procedure of how taxes are introduced and recalled, and defines all aspects of dealings between the state, the taxpayers and the Tax Agents. The Tax Code is intended to become the only piece of legislation which regulates all taxation matters: from the relations of tax authorities and taxpayers to the procedure of calculation and payment of all taxes. All the various taxes that can be levied in Russia are listed in the Tax Code. The tax reform foresees a gradual adoption of new taxes and the abolishment of some old ones. Tax Code Part I sets: 1. Types of taxes and fees that can be levied (articles 12, 13, 14, 15) 2. Circumstances giving rise to a tax liability and its fulfillment (chapter 8) 3. Principles of the introduction, enforcement and cancellation of taxes and dues, federal and local (article 12) 4. The general terms for setting taxes and duties (article 17) 5. Rights and obligations of the taxpayers and the taxation authorities (articles 21, 23, 31, 32) 6. Detailed description of administrative compliance rules and Tax Audits (chapter 14) 7. Liability for Tax Offences (Section VI of the Tax Code) 8. The appeal procedures and dispute regulation (Section VII of the Tax Code)
Tax Code part II In the second part of the Tax Code each individual tax is described separately and completely. The first taxes under the Tax Code were the Value Added Tax, the Excise, the Personal Income Tax and the Social Tax in chapters 21-24 of the Tax Code. These taxes were adopted in 2000 and came into force in 2001. The list of taxes which were levied in 2005 is as follows: Federal Taxes and Fees 1. Profit Tax 2. Value Added Tax 3. Excise Taxes 4. Personal Income Tax 5. Unified Social Tax 6. Mineral Extractions Charges 7. State Duty 8. Inheritance and Gift Tax 9. Duty on Usage of Water Resources 10. Charges for Use of Natural Resources
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