RULES OF READING

Раздел 2. Аминокислоты.

Раздел 3. Белки. Пептиды.

Раздел 4. Нуклеотидсодержащие соединения. Нуклеопротеиды.

Раздел 5. Ферменты.

Раздел 6. Липиды.

Раздел 7. Углеводы.

Раздел 8. Витамины.

Раздел 9. Гормоны.

Раздел 10. Вода и минеральные вещества.

 

 

Е.П.Аверьянова

РАЗВИТИЕ НАВЫКОВ ЧТЕНИЯ И УСТНОЙ РЕЧИ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

Утверждено Редакционно-издательским советом университета в качестве учебного пособия

 

Введение 3

1 RULESOF READING (ПРАВИЛА ЧТЕНИЯ) 4

DRILL EXERCISES 5

2 THE NOUN (ИМЯ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ) 6

SELF - TRAINING EXERCISES 8

3 THE ARTICLE (АРТИКЛЬ) 9

SELF-TRAINING EXERCISES 14

4. THE PRONOUN (МЕСТОИМЕНИЕ) 15

SELF-TRAINING EXERCISES 16

5. THE NUMERAL (ИМЯ ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНОЕ) 17

SELF-TRAINING EXERCISES 20

6. THE ADJECTIVE (ИМЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ) 22

SELF-TRAINING EXERCISES 24

7. THE VERB (ГЛАГОЛ) 25

SELF-TRAINING EXERCISES 27

8. CONSTRUCTION THERE IS/THERE ARE 30

SELF-TRAINING EXERCISES 31

9. THE ENGLISH WORD-ORDER(ПOPЯДOK СЛОВ В АНГЛ

ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯХ) 32

10.ТНЕ ENGLISH QUESTIONS (ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ). 33

SELF-TRAINING EXERCISES 35

11. INDEFINITE TENSES (НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОЕ ВРЕМЯ) 37

SELF-TRAINING EXERCISES 38

12. CONTINUOUS TENSES (ПРОДОЛЖЕННОЕ ВРЕМЯ) 40

SELF-TRAINING EXERCISES 41

13. PERFECT TENSES (СОВЕРШЕННОЕ ВРЕМЯ) 42

SELF-TRAINING EXERCISES 43

14. MODAL VERBS (МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ) 46

SELF-TRAINING EXERCISES 49

15. PASSIVE VOICE (СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ) 51

SELF-TRAINING EXERCISES 54

16. SEQUENCE OF TENSES (СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН) 56

SELF-TRAINING EXERCISES 58

17. NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERB (НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА)59

THE INFINITIVE (ИНФИНИТИВ) 60

SELF-TRAINING EXERCISES 62

18. THE PARTICIPLE (ПРИЧАСТИЕ) 64

SELF-TRAINING EXERCISES 66

19. THE GERUND (ГЕРУНДИЙ) 69

SELF-TRAINING EXERCISES 70

20. THE MOOD (НАКЛОНЕНИЕ) 72

SELF-TRAINING EXERCISES 74

БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ 82

RULES OF READING

§1. Чтение гласных букв в английском языке

Чтение букв в английском языке зависит от того, находится ли она в ударном или неударном слогах. Имеется четыре типа ударного слога.

Таблица 1

Буква	Открытый слог	Закрытый слог	Гласная + r	Гласная +r + гласная
A[ei]	[ei] fable, name	[æ ] cat, fat	[a: ] farm, part	[ε ] fare, daring
O[ou]	[ou] nose, no	[ ] dog, sock	[: ] nor, port	[: ] more, snoring
I [ai]	[ai] tie, kite, by, type	[i] sit, little	[: ] bird, sir	[ai ] fire, firing, tyre, tyrant
Y [wai]
E[I: ]	[I: ] she, Pete	[e] net, bed	[: ] her, term	[I ] here, hero
U[ju: ]	[ju: ] [u: ] due, blue	[ ] nut, cut	[: ] fur, turn	[ju ] cure, during

Следует отметить, что в открытом слоге ударная гласная читается так, как в алфавите.

DRILL EXERCISES

1. Read the words properly.

Skates, frames, in'vite, wrote, try, tube, pre'pare, fire, mere, be'fore, type, sounds, rooks, powder, soon, freeze, a'gainst, be'low, di'vide, various, de'sire, ap'peal, aid, a'lone, a'live, a'gree, least, main'tain, means, grow, brown, pipe, shallow, aim, feel, told, a'mount, outside, Moscow, know, power, re'ceive, pure, shore, seaside, steel, sere, follow, tower, speed, metre, vary, golden, treatment, raise, field, believe, reason, em'ploy.

Quick, shorten, change, chemist, at'tach, pocket, shoot, me'chanical, en'large, re'public, age, a'go, capable, chain, article, ar'range, clean, cure, circle, cycle, epoch, length, recent, block, region, place, com'bine, process, crystal, technical, subject, justice, there, thick, practice, traffic, gorge, struggle, frequent, liquid, sug'gest, mechanism.

Bought, weigh, taught, launch, cause, know, knock, might, slight, fighter, design, as'sure, pressure, tension, Russian, atmosphere, phase, asphalt, photo, cipher, triumph, whom, whose, whistle, why, whisper, what, measure, pleasure, fusion, con'clusion, child, wild, mild, find, kind, be'hind, grind, crew, auto'mation, astronaut, author, drawing, raw.

§ 2. Чтение некоторых букв и буквосочетаний

Таблица 2

Буквосочетание (буква)	Чтение	Пример
Еа	[I: ]	sea [si: ], teacher [ti: t∫ ]
Ее	[I: ]	See [si: ], greet [gri: t]
Оо	[u: ]	Pool [pu: l], wool [wu: l]
	[u]	cook [kuk], took [tuk]
Аu	[: ]	autumn [: t m]
Aw	[: ]	Draw [dr: ], law [l: ]
А+ll	[: ]	all [: l], ball [b: l]
A+lt	[: ]	Salt [s: lt]
A+lse	[: ]	false [f: ls]
A+ss	[a: ]	Glass [qla: s], brass [bra: s]
A+st	[a: ]	fast [fa: st], last [la: st]
i+gh	[ai]	Light [lait], bright [brait]
Ck	[k]	Sock [sok], black [blaek]
Ch	1) 2)	[t∫ ] [k]	Chicken [t∫ ikn], child [t∫ aild] Mechanic [mikæ nikl, architect [a: kit kt]
Sh	[∫ ]	Shelf [∫ elf], shock [∫ ok]
Th	1.[0] 2.[ð ]	Think [0iŋ k], thin [0in] These [ð i: z], those [ ð ouz]
Wh	1)[w] 2)[h] wh+o	What [w t], when [wen] Who [hu: ], whose [hu: z]
Wr	[r]	Wrong [r ŋ ], write [rait]
Ng	[ŋ ]	Darling [da: liŋ ]
С	1)[s] c+e, i, y 2)M	City [siti], cycle [saikl]   Cubic [kjubik], clay [klei]
G	1) [d] g+e, i, y 2) [g]	Age [eid ], gym [d im]
	ост. случаи	Ago [ gou], glad [glæ d]