Passive Voice
Task 4. Study the information about the Passive Voice (Пассивный залог). Если подлежащее в предложении само совершает действие (я иду, он рисует, мы купили, они будут лететь), то используется активный залог. Если же над подлежащим совершают что-то, его подвергают воздействию (деревья сажают, воду налили, меня пригласили, нас поведут), используется пассивная (страдательная) конструкция. Пассивный залог употребляется, когда исполнитель действия очевиден или несуществен, или когда действие или его результат более интересны, чем исполнитель. Passive Voice образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени, лице и числе и третьей формы смыслового глагола: В страдательном залоге используются предлоги by, with, первый из которых показывает, что действие совершает одушевленное подлежащее, а второй — неодушевленное. Eg.: The nuts were loosened by Tom with a spanner. – Гайки были откручены (кем?) Томом (чем?) гаечным ключом.
Task 5. Fill in the gaps using prepositions by or with. 1. The hall was decorated … pink balloons. 2. The roof of the church will be repaired … local people. 3. This material has been already published … Cambridge University Press. 4. The house was built … money that he had borrowed from the bank. 5. When the accident happened, the car was brought … police. Task 6. Use the verbs in Present, Past или Future Simple Passive. 1. Bread (to eat) every day. 2. The letter (to receive) yesterday. 3. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week. 4. I (to ask) at the lesson yesterday. 5.I (to give) a very interesting book at the library last Friday. 6. Many houses (to build) in our town every year. 7. This work (to do) tomorrow. 8. This text (to translate) at the last lesson. 9. These trees (to plant) last autumn. 10. Hockey (to play) in winter. 12. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London in 1666.
ПЗ. Task 7. Change these sentences into Passive Voice. 1. I bought potatoes yesterday. 2. We shall bring the books tomorrow. 3. They are repairing the clock now. 4. They sell milk in this shop. 5. I have translated the whole text. 6. They broke the window last week. 7. When I came home, they had eaten the sweets. 8. We shall do the work in the evening. 9. He wrote this book in the 19th century. 10. By six o'clock they had finished the work. 11. They will show this film on TV. 12. They have made a number of important experiments in this laboratory. ПЗ Task 10. Change these sentences into passive. 1. Nobody has used this room for ages. 2. We will give you the keys tomorrow. 3. Someone is interviewing Dr Johnson at the moment. 4. By the time I arrived, someone had already opened all your letters. 5. We usually talk briefly about the problems of the family at dinner time. 6. Alexander Graham Bell patented his invention of the telephone in 1876. 7. German engineer Karl Benz produced the first petrol driven car in 1885. 8. Charles Babbage designed a form of computer in the mid-1830s.
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