Инфинитив без частицы to
Неличные формы глагола.
1.послe модальных глаголов: (must в сочетании с перфектным инфинитивом выражает предположение, близкое к уверенности в том, что действие или состояние имело место в прошлом. Переводится словами должно быть, скорей всего, вполне вероятно, наверное- e. g They must have been rehearsing the scene for some days before shooting it. could с перфектным инфинитивом в утвердительных предложениях выражает действие, совершение которого в прошлом считается допустимым – мог бы, в вопросительных и отрицательных предложениях- для выражения недопустимости предложения о том, что действие имело место в прошлом.—может ли быть …чтобы, не может быть, чтобы …, eдва ли, навряд ли- e. g. She couldn’t have become a leading actress.) He must train future actors. The girl can read fluently. 2.после would rather, had better e. g. I’d rather go alone. You’d better see what she wants. 1. после оught, used, be, have +to (should / ought to в сочетании с перфектным инфинитивом означают, что действие желательное и необходимое, не было осуществлено в прошлом. Should употребляется чаще с оттенком сожаления о происшедшем, а ought to – с оттенком морального упрека. Переводятся- следовало бы, должен был бы, надо было бы-- e. g.He ought to have played the second part of the sonata more quickly.) 4. may, might в сочетании с перфектным инфинитивом выражают действие, свершение которого в прошлом считается вероятным. Переводится может быть, возможно. e.g. This actress left the stage because she might have been unpopular with public. Задания 1. Сгруппируйте следующие инфинитивы по группам: to sing, to have been reading, to be staged, to dance, to play, to have rehearsed, to keep a seat, to have been acting the role, to be established, to hold. Переведите предложения на английский язык.
1. Greg’s wife gave him a long list of things..... at the supermarket. to buy to be bought to have been bought to have bought 2. John is very proud. He is not the one..... about. to order to be ordered to have ordered to have been ordered
3. Jim doesn’t know Russian well enough..... with you. to speak to be speaking to have spoken to have been speaking 4. Everything comes to him who knows how...... to have waited to be waiting to have been waiting to wait 5. No words can describe the fascination of the place. It must...... see be seen have seen have been seen 6. Don’t interrupt him when he is working. He hates...... to disturb to be disturbing to be disturbed to have been disturbed 7. I am awfully sorry..... you in this stupid way. to bother to be bothering to have bothered to be bothered 8. It is not hard..... decisions when you know what your values are. to be making to have made to make to be made 9. Modern art is when you buy a picture..... a hole in the wall – and decide that the hole looks better. to cover to be covering to have covered to have been covering 10. It was nice of you..... me your Grammar book. Without it I would have been lost. to lend to be lending to have lent to be lent 11. Tom had an accident because he had exceeded speed limit. He shouldn’t..... so fast. drive be driving have driven have been driving 12. Jenny seemed..... no attention to what was going on around her. to pay to be paying to have paid to have been paying 13. Jane ought to..... two foreign languages. Why wasn't she, I wonder? have taught teach have been taught be teaching 14. Joan likes taking care of sick animals. She is pleased..... this kind of work all the time. to have been doing to be doing to have done to do 15. I was sorry..... as I couldn’t finish my conversation with Frieda. to be disturbed to have been disturbed to disturb to have disturbed
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