Internet Technology

 

The Internet appeared in 1969 as a project called ARPANET. It was designed to help scientists to communicate and to share valuable computer resources. At that time finding the information was not easy. Only in the early 1990s software developers created new user-friendly Internet access tools and Internet became available to everyone.

The Internet backbone consists of high-speed fiber-optic links connecting high-capacity routers that direct traffic. Large ISPs (Internet Service Providers) connect directly to backbone routers. Smaller ISPs connect to a larger ISP to gain Internet access and supply it to their customers.

You can track the route of data you send using such Internet utilities as Ping and Traceroute. An Internet utility called Ping (Packet Internet Groper) sends a signal to a specific address and waits for a reply. If a reply arrives, Ping reports that the computer is online and displays the elapsed time for the round-trip message. Ping is also useful for finding out if the site is up and running. As for a utility called Traceroute, it records a packet’s path from your computer to its destination.

Computer connects to the Internet in one of two ways: it can link directly to ISP using a device such as modem or satellite dish. Or, if your computer is part of a LAN (Local Area Network), an Internet connection can be provided by a LAN connection.

A local area network is called an intranet. Intranets are popular with businesses that want to store information as Web pages but not provide them for public access. An intranet that provides external access is called extranet.

A computer can have a permanently assigned static IP address or a temporarily assigned dynamic IP address. Typically, ISPs, Web sites, web hosting servers and e-mail servers are constantly connected to the Internet and require static address.

 

Вариант 2

1 .Перепишите предложения, найдите в них инфинитив и подчеркните его, определите его форму. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. When you begin to work with a standalone computer or a LAN, Internet connections pose two kinds of risks: a malicious code and intrusions.

2. This appliance must be earthed.

3. A word processing program is likely to have been used in that time.

4. Our task is to adjust the program to the computer.

5. POP 3 email can be downloaded to your PC to read offline.

 

2 .Перепишите предложения, подчеркните инфинитив и определите его функцию. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

1. Today it’s common to see terminals that include telephones, PCs, and larger

computers.

2. The best way to protect your router is to use antivirus software and firewall

software.

3. When a modem attempts to establish a connection, it automatically negotiates

the modem on the other end.

4. To configure Automatic Updates, go to Control Panel, select System, and select

a setting from the Automatic Updates tab.

5. When you transmit data, the signal to carry your data is modulated by your

modem.

 

3. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в каждом инфинитивный оборот и определите его форму (объектный, субъектный и предложный инфинитивный оборот). Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

1. For the decision to be correct all facts must be considered.

2. The telephone communications system makes a tiered network transport calls

locally, cross-country, and internationally.

3. A good communication program directs the modem to dial the telephone number needed.

4. He is certain to know the password.

5. A dial-up connection is supposed to transport data between your computer and your ISP.

 

4. Преобразуйте предложения, воспользовавшись инфинитивом или инфинитивным оборотом и словами в скобках, если они даны. Письменно переведите полученные предложения на русский язык.

 

1. He said: “This appliance must be earthed”.

2. He was very young. He could not solve the problem. (too)

3. It is important that you should have more than one free ISP account. (for)

4. He was the first man who carried out the investigation successfully.

5. It is expected that he will run anti-virus software.

 

5. Перепишите предложения, употребив нужную форму прилагательного (much – many, (a)little – (a) few). Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.

 

1. … free ISPs restrict access to some or all newsgroups.

2. This system requires no installation and very … expenditure.

3. You spent too … time on the calculations.

4. … … domain names are not currently in use.

5. There are … reasons why server computers often have connected hard drives.

 

1. Прочтите и письменно переведите текст.