DNA prints
(A foolproof crime test) Dawn Ashworth, 15, left a friend's house last July to walk to her home in Enderby, a village in England's East Midlands. She never made it. Two days later her body was found; she had been raped and strangled. Soon after, police arrested a 17-year-old youth in connection with that killing and an earlier, similar murder. But three months later, convinced that the suspect was innocent of both crimes, the police freed him. How could they be so sure? By using the new technique of DNA fingerprinting they had proved that man was innocent. This month the police began using the test on blood from 2,000 Midlands men, hoping that if one of them is guilty, his DNA print will give him away. The test involves comparing the DNA of blood or hair roots found at the scene with the DNA of a suspect. What makes it foolproof is that no two people (other than identical twins) have the same genetic characteristics. While considering this fact in 1983, Alee Jeffrets, a geneticist at the University of Leicester in England, realized it might be the basis for an important new tool in criminal investigations. The DNA from each individual, he found, formed a unique pattern — in effect a DNA fingerprint. In the Midlands case, Jeffreys established that the DNA pattern of the 17-year-old suspect did not match those obtained during the murder investigations. The patterns of each of the 2,000 Midlands men will undergo similar scrutiny. But that may take a while. Each test involves a complicated series of steps over a period of 2 1 /2 weeks. Still, Jeffreys believes, with further refinements, and despite $ 300 price tag, the test will more than pay for itself in criminal investigations. («Moscow News» from «Times») (309 words) Note: DNA—deoxyribonucleic acid—ДНК— дезоксирибонуклеиновая кислота, (носитель генетической информации) 18.6.3. Answer the questions in 18.6.1. (Books closed.) Listening practice 18.7.1. Look at the following question. You'll have to answer them after reading the text. 1. What is Mayor or Bamford going to read? 2. Where are both of the candidates? 3. Have they been Members of Parliament before? 4. Who has won the election? 5. What are the Labour supporters doing? 6. How many times have the Labour candidates won the election? 18.7.2. Listen to the story. 18.7.3. Answer the questions in 18.7.1. 18.7.4. Look through the list of words. They will help you to understand the story. weird — странный survive — выжить dehydrate — обезвоживать fiancee — невеста grieve — скорбеть eternity — вечность blame — обвинять frostbite — обмороженный shelter — укрыться hoist — поднимать 18.7.5. Listen to the dialogue. Be ready to give the contents of it. 18.7.6. Tell the contents of the dialogue as close to the text as possible. Time for fun 18.8.1. Read and translate the following jokes. 1. «Without a doubt», declared the lawyer, nodding his head as his client finished his story, «you have one of the best and surest cases I have ever met». «Thanks», said the client grabbing his hat. «I'll settle this case out of court». «But I said it is the best I've heard», cried the astonished lawyer. «I know», replied the other; «but I have just told you the other fellow's side of it». 2. Judge: «Have you ever been up before me?» Accused: «I don't know. What time do you get up?» 3. «I shall have to give you ten days or 20», said the judge. «I'll take the 20, Judge», said the prisoner. 4. Judge: «How could you swindle people who trusted you?» Prisoner: «But, Judge, people who don't trust you cannot be swindled». !!! 18.8.2. Can you complete these sentences with one of these verbs: speak, tell, talk in their proper forms? 1. She... three languages. 2. We... about old times for hours last night. 3. They... they would arrive at 2 o'clock. 4. He has a very patronising manner and always... down to people. 5. I'm not on... terms with my neighbours yet. 6. The teacher... the naughty boy off. 7. She doesn't always... the truth. 8. I didn't want to change my job but my sister.. me into it. 9. She... me she was ill. 10. The bill came to £20 all.... КРАТКИЙ СПРАВОЧНИК: СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ, ГРАММАТИКА UNIT 1 Словообразование: суффикс существительного. Суффикс -еr, прибавленный к основе глагола, является признаком производных существительных, обозначающих исполнителей того действия, на которое указывает глагол, например: player — игрок follower — последователь beginner — начинающий Суффикс -еr, прибавленный к основе существительного или прилагательного, является признаком производных существительных, обозначающих лицо, живущее в определенном месте, а также занятие или профессию, например: Icelander — исландец mountainer — горец gardener — садовник geographer — географ Грамматика:
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