Appendix 3. Mathematical Symbols

+ plus [plΛs] 1) плюс

2) знак плюс

3) положительная величина

4) добавочный, дополнительный

- minus 1) минус, без

2) знак минус

3) отрицательная величина oтрицательный

± plus or minus [¢plΛs ɔ: ¢mainəs] плюс минус

× или · multiplication sign [¢mΛltipli¢kei∫ən ¢sain] знак умножения

. point [pɔint] точка (в десятичных дробях)

/ (или:, или —) division sign [di¢viʒn ¢sain] знак деления

: 1) ratio sign [¢rei∫iou ¢sain] знак отношения

2) is to [iz tu] относится к

:: 1) sign of proportion [¢sain әv prә¢pɔ:∫әn] знак пропорции

2) equals, as [¢i:kwәlz, æz] равняется, равно

÷ (is) divided by [di¢vaidid ¢bai] поделенное на

= 1) sign of equality [¢sain әv i:¢kwәliti] знак равенства

2) equals, (is) equal to [¢i:kwәlz], [iz¢i:kwәl to] равняется, равно

≠ (is) not equal to [iz not ¢i:kwәl tu] не равно

≈ approximately equal [ә¢prɔksimitli ¢ i:kwәl] приблизительно равно

≡ is equivalent to/ is identical with тождественно равный

> greater than [¢greitә ðæn] больше (чем)

> not greater than [not ¢ greitә ðæn] не больше (чем)

< less than [¢les ðæn] меньше (чем)

< not less than [not ¢les ðæn] не меньше (чем)

³ equal or greater than [¢i:kwәl ɔ: ¢ greitә ðæn] больше (чем) или равно

£ equal or less than [¢i:kwәl ɔ: ¢les ðæn] меньше (чем) или равно

∞ 1) infinity [in¢finiti] бесконечность, бесконечно удаленная точка

2) infinite [¢infinit] бесконечный

œ varies as/ is proportional to пропорционально чему-либо

3: 9:: 4:12 three is to nine, as four is to twelve 3 к 9 относится, как 4 к 12

ε 1) epsilonis эпсилон

2) an element of (a set) является элементом множества

x⁴ [eks] to the power four/ to the fourth power “х” в 4-й степени

π pi [pai] “пи” (число Пи)

r [a: (r)] = radius of circle “р” (радиус)

πr ² pi r squared [ِpai a: ¢skwεәd] (formula for area of circle)

“пи” “р” квадрат

a* a star [¢ei ¢sta:] “а” со звездочкой

a¢ a prime [¢ei ¢praim] “а” штрих

a¢¢ a second prime или a double prime [¢ei ¢sekәnd ¢praim],

[¢ei ¢dΛbl ¢praim] “а” два штриха

a¢¢¢ a third prime или a triple prime [¢ei¢ θә:d ¢praim], [¢ei ¢triplpraim] “а” три штриха

c_m c sub m или c, m-th [¢si: sΛb¢em], [¢si: ¢emθ] “с” “м” (“с” с

индексом “м”)

a₁¢ a first prime [¢ei ¢fә:st praim] “а” один штрих

a₂¢ a second, a second prime [¢ei ¢sekәnd], [¢ei ¢sekәnd ¢praim]

“а” два штрих

a_m a sub m или a, m-th [¢ei sΛb¢em], [¢ei ¢emθ] “а” “м”

b¢_c b prime, sub c или b sub c, prime [¢bi ¢praim sΛb ¢si:],

[¢bi ¢ sΛb¢ si: ¢praim] “б” целое штрих

log logarithm [¢logəriθəm] логарифм

sin sine [sain] синус

cos cosine [¢kousain] косинус

tan, tg tangent [¢tænʤənt] тангенс

ctn, cot cotangent [¢kou¢tænʤənt] котангенс

% per cent [pə¢sent] процент

square root (out) of [¢skwεə ¢ru:t (aut) əv] квадратный корень из

cube root (out) of [¢kju:b ¢ru:t (aut) əv] кубический корень из

n-th root (out) of [¢enθ¢ru:t (aut) əv] корень n-й степени

[ ] brackets, square brackets [¢brækits, skwεə ¢brækits]

pl. квадратные скобки

() parentheses, round brackets [pə¢renθisi:z, ¢raund ¢brækits]

pl. квадратные скобки

{ } braces [¢breisiz] pl. фигурные скобки

^o degree [di¢gri:] градус

¢ minute [¢minit] минута

¢ foot, feet [fut, fi:t] фут, футы

¢¢ 1) second [¢sekənd] секунда

2) inch [int∫] дюйм

Ð angle [æŋgl] угол

right angle [¢rait ¢æŋgl] угол

perpendicular [pə: pən¢ dikjulə] перпендикуляр, перпендикулярный

a (one) half

a (one) sixth

three fourths

0 [ou]; nought [nɔ: t]; zero [¢ziərou]

0.5 (nought) point five

0.04 (nought) point two naughts four; two oes [ouz] four;

point zero zero four

0.28 nought point twenty eight

2.50 two point five (nought)

53.46 1) fifty-three point four six;

2) five three point four six

10,000 ten thousand

A⁰ a to the power of zero

A² a squared

A³ a cubed

10^-5 1) the minus fifth power of ten;

2) ten to the minus fifth power

10² ten to the second (power), ten squared

10^-1 ten to the minus first (power)

10³ ten to the third (power), ten cubed

a=b 1) a equals b

2) a is equal to b

a¹b a is not equal to b

a>b a is greater than b

a<b a is less than b

a>>b a is much greater than b

a<<b a is much less than b

a» b a is approximately equal to b

a_b a sub b, a subscript b

a+b a plus b

a-b a minus b

a´b a times b, a multiplied by b

a¸b a divided by b

a over b

a times b over c times d

[a] a in brackets

(a) a in parentheses

() round brackets

[ ] square brackets

% per cent

52% fifty-two per cent

x squared divided by y cubed in parentheses to the m^th (power)

square root of a

third (cube) root of a

ln x natural logarithm of x

log x (common) logarithm of x

logarithm of two to the base ten is naught point three, naught, one, naught three