SEMESTER 4Для успешного выполнения контрольной работы N1 необходимо изучить следующий грамматический материал:
Passive Voice (Active and Passive forms) Gerund Infinitive Participles Verbs to be, to have in their modal meaning
TEST 4 (Variant A) 1. Read the text: NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF BELARUS Under the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus the supreme legislative power belongs to the National Assembly, which consists of two houses: the House of Representatives and the Council of the Republic. The House of Representatives is usually referred to as the upper chamber and the House of Representatives - as the lower one. The House of Representatives consists of 110 members, who are elected on the basis of general free equal direct suffrage by secret ballot. Any citizen of Belarus at least 21 years of age may be elected to the House of Representatives. * The Council of the Republic is formed in the following way: 6 regions and the capital city of Minsk elect 8 members to the house each. Eight members are appointed directly by President. The total membership of the house is 64 members. Any citizen of Belarus at least 30 years of age and a resident of the corresponding region for at least 5 years may be elected a member of the Council of the Republic. The term of office of the National Assembly is 4 years. The houses have two sessions a year: the first begins in October, the second session begins in April. Each house elects a chairman and his assistants from its members. They organise the work of the houses. The houses form standing committees and other bodies from their members for legislative work. * The House considers bills concerning amendments to the Constitution, home and foreign policies, military doctrine, international treaties, rights, freedoms and duties of citizens, country budget, taxation and others. It declares presidential election, approves presidential nominee for the post of Prime Minister, approves the programme of the Government introduced by Prime Minister. The House of Representatives initiates the process of the impeachment and serves other functions. The Council of the Republic approves the bills concerning changing or amending the Constitution passed by the House of Representatives, approves presidential nominees for the posts of Chairman of the Constitutional Court, Chairman and Judges of the Supreme Court, General Procurator and other higher officials. It appoints six judges of the Constitutional Court and elects six members of the Central Election Committee and serves some other functions.
2. Translate the marked paragraphs (*) into Russian.
3. Answer the following questions to the text: 1. How are the Representatives elected? 2. How is the upper chamber formed? 3. What chamber approves the governmental programme? 4. What chamber considers amendments to the Constitution?
4. Use the verbs in brackets in their corresponding passive tense forms: 1. This instruction (to refer to) very often, though it (to issue) in 1981. 2. Your plan (to discuss) now and I think it (to approve) by 5 o’clock. 3. When you entered the room the contract already (to sign). 4. He (to offer) several projects but he didn’t choose any. 5. I believe his new business (to register) next week.
5. Change the active constructions into the passive ones: 1. We shall deliver your order next morning. 2. We have already discussed these items. 3. I think the Assembly will have adopted the amendment by the end of the session. 4. The police take measures to prevent drug trafficking. 5. Mr Jones and his assistants are studying you report now.
6. Put questions to the underlined words and word combinations: 1. The news has already been spread by mass media. 2. The construction of this magnificent building was financed by private persons. (General) 3. The above mentioned funds will be remitted next week. (Alternative)
7. Underline and identify (in brackets) the non-finite forms of the verb: 1. There is plenty of work to be done. 2. I am very proud to have met him. 3. They reached London, having been away seven weeks. 4. The lecturer invited by Mike didn’t make any special impression on the guests. 5. The flight having been delayed for two hours was finally announced. 6. She was ashamed for having been suspended from duties.
8. Write the sentences in which the verbs to have and to be are used in their modal meaning and translate them into Russian: 1. Mike has got a new car. 2. They are students of the Law Department. 3. He had to type the report himself because his secretary was on a sick-leave. 4. Have you received the letter yet? 5. Is Mike reading up for his exams? 6. They had to walk to the station in the rain, didn’t they? 7. I understand that you don’t want to do this now, but you will have to sooner or later. 8. John and Alice are to be ready with the costumes on Friday and Jill is to record the soundtrack till Saturday.
9. Insert prepositions: 1. They have been working hard and are looking forward... holidays. 2. The decision doesn’t depend... the emotions, it is pure business. 3. They are suspected... trafficking drugs from Amsterdam. 4. I must have insisted... his participation in the project. 5. The clients complain... bad quality of model RX3025 vacuum-cleaners. 6. Unfortunately, they didn’t pay attention... Clause 23 of the Contract. 7. The resolution is being... discussion now. 8. The both parties were satisfied... the verdict. 9. There was no objection... his part. 10. The question is... consideration now, but no decision has been made yet.
TEST 4 (Variant B) 1. Read the text: LEGISLATION IN BELARUS Under the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus the right to initiate the legislative process belongs to President, members of the Chamber of Representatives, Council of the Republic, Government and to the citizens of Belarus numbered not less than 50,000. If a bill concerns changes or amendments to the Constitution, the legislative process can be initiated only by President or at least 150,000 citizens of Belarus. Normally there are two stages in the life of a bill. The first stage is the drafting of the bill. The bill is usually prepared in the Ministries or in the corresponding parliamentary committees. This stage is very important, because the quality of preparatory work determines the success of the legislative process in the whole. During this stage consultations with the involved state organs, businesses, legal experts are taken. Any bill is firstly considered in the Chamber (House) of Representatives and then in the Council of the Republic. Normally a bill has three readings in the house. The first reading is rather formal, it is in fact an introduction of the bill. Then the bill is sent to a corresponding standing or a specially formed committee of the House. In the committee the bill is amended and sent for the second reading to the House. During the second reading the bill is debated and amended by the members of the House. When the opinions and amendments of the representatives are included in the bill it is voted by the House. A bill passes in the House if it is approved by simple majority of representatives. * The bills approved by the Chamber of Representatives are sent to the Council of the Republic during 5 days, where they may be considered no more than 20 days. In the Council of the Republic a bill is submitted to mostly the same procedure as in the House of Representatives. If the higher house votes down the bill, the Houses may form a conciliatory committee to resolve the differences. After the differences are resolved the bill is sent to both Houses for approval. * The bill passed in both Houses during 10 days is sent to President for signing. President has the right to veto a bill. To override the presidential veto both houses must reapprove the bill by two-thirds of their members.
2. Translate the marked paragraphs (*) into Russian.
3. Answer the following questions to the text: 1. What happens during the first stage of the life of a bill? 2. Does a citizen of the Republic of Belarus have the right to initiate a legislation? 3. When is a conciliatory committee formed? 4. How can the presidential veto be overridden?
4. Use the verbs in brackets in their corresponding passive tense forms: 1. She asked where the meeting (to hold) the day before. 2. The agreement between the parties (to arrive at) at the previous meeting. 3. The access code of my computer (to change) every day. 4. The money (to steal) while the office (to redecorate). 5. The financial documents on this transaction already (to send for), they (to bring) in a minute.
5. Change the active constructions into the passive ones: 1. We are considering your plan at the moment. 2. The secretary has just sent the invitations. 3. The team will have completed the adjustments by Tuesday. 4. Mr Goldstein proposed a new plan of the advertising campaign. 5. After the solicitor had announced the details of the deal the parties signed the necessary documents.
6. Put questions to the underlined word combinations and using the prompts: 1. The new product is being successfully promoted in Europe. 2. This candidate has won numerous supporters. (General) 3. The elections will be held next month. (Alternative, Disjunctive)
7. Underline and identify (in brackets) the non-finite forms of the verb: 1. It was so pleasant to be driving a car after a long illness. 2. The senior partner dislikes being contradicted. 3. Having adopted the bill the assembly left for a lunch break. 4. The judge listened to the accused without speaking. 5. There are a few letters to be written and submitted for signature. 6. The draft of the declaration written by the committee needs thorough studies.
8. Write the sentences in which the verbs to have and to be are used in their modal meaning and translate them into Russian: 1. He was to have handed the essay in on Monday, but he didn’t. 2. Will Jerry have one more try? 3. He wants to be a lawyer and I am sure he will be a good one. 4. You will have to pass the driving test if you want to drive an office car. 5. Excuse me! I am to write a report on the Criminal Law of the USA. Could you help me to find the information in the Internet? 6. He has been living in London since childhood. 7. He is living alone now, so he has to cook and clean himself. 8. I have to register the employees every morning.
9. Insert prepositions: 1. You might have paid more attention... that client. 2. The shoplifter was sentenced... six months’ imprisonment. 3. The police suspected him... blackmailing. 4. I’m sure you have nothing to complain.... 5. I don’t insist... the immediate tax reduction. 6. They are looking forward... the moment of your arrival. 7. The governmental programme consists... three basic stages. 8. The supplier was satisfied... the terms of payment. 9. The lawyer pointed... some discrepancies in the contract. 10. You shouldn’t depend... anybody in your decisions.
TEST 4 (Variant C) 1. Read the text: THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS Under the Constitution of the Republic of Belarus the judicial power in the Republic is vested in courts of law. The judicial system of the Republic is made up of courts of law of three tiers. On the top of the judicial pyramid is the Supreme Court of the Republic of Belarus. It is the highest appellate court of the country. It is headed by the Chairman of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Belarus who is appointed by the President on the consent of the upper house of the National Assembly - the Council of the Republic. The Supreme Court judges are nominated by the President on the advice of the Chairman and must be approved by the Council of the Republic. Once approved, all members of the Court hold office for life. The Supreme Court includes separate divisions for civil, criminal and military cases. It has original jurisdiction in cases involving foreign dignitaries and those in which the state is a party. It also may decide most serious criminal cases and hear appeals from lower courts. The middle tier of the republican judicial system is made up of six regional courts and the Minsk Town Court. The composition of those courts is similar to that of the Supreme Court. All judges of the regional courts including their chairmen are nominated by the President on the recommendation of the Chairman of the Supreme Court and the Minister of Justice for life. These courts deal with major criminal, civil and military cases and hear appeals from inferior courts. The decisions of the regional courts may be appealed only to the Supreme Court. * At the bottom of the judicial pyramid are district and town courts spread all over the country. Most litigation starts in these courts. A district or town court usually consists of a chairman and a number of judges, depending on the size and the population of the district. In a trial one judge and two public representatives take part. All judges of these inferior courts are appointed by the President on the recommendation of the Chairman of the Supreme Court and the Ministry of Justice. The first term of office of an inferior court judge is five years; all other judges are appointed for life. District and town courts decide both criminal and civil cases and deal with administrative matters involving disputes between individuals and individuals and government departments. The decisions of district and town courts may be appealed to the corresponding regional courts and further up to the Supreme Court of the Republic of Belarus.
2. Translate the marked paragraph (*) into Russian.
3. Answer the following questions to the text: 1. How many tiers does the judicial system of the RB consist of? 2. In what kind of cases does the Supreme Court have original jurisdiction? 3. How are the judges of the middle tier appointed? 4. How can the decisions of the lower courts be appealed?
4. Use the verbs in brackets in their corresponding passive tense forms: 1. Your case (to hear) next week. 2. The conditions of the transaction (to discuss) when we entered the room. 3. The agreement on co-operation already (to sign). 4. It is a successful firm and it (to buy) by the end of the week. 5. The salary of the workers (to remit) to the firm’s bank account every two weeks.
5. Change the active constructions into the active ones: 1. We have already bought all necessary equipment for the firm. 2. Mr Marcus will fix all formalities. 3. The bank sends account balances to its clients every month. 4. They are working on the web-site for their firm now. 5. The secretary informed the chief manager about the accident.
6. Put questions to the underlined word combinations and using the prompts: 1. The copier is being repaired now. (Disjunctive) 2. They will be sent to investigate the crime. (General) 3. The damage has already been repaired by the insurance company. (Alternative)
7. Underline and identify (in brackets) the non-finite forms of the verb: 1. I have a few things to be fixed. 2. The delivered goods were not the ones indicated in the specification. 3. It is so nice to have been invited to spend a fortnight in your country home. 4. He complains of having been mistreated by the police. 5. Having completed the work he asked for a week’s leave. 6. Before leaving she made several phone calls.
8. Write the sentences in which the verbs to have and to be are used in their modal meaning and translate them into Russian: 1. You will have to correct your mistake yourself. 2. He is good at making people angry. 3. I had to rent a flat because the conditions in the dormitory were not ideal. 4. I couldn’t pay in time as I had problems with my bank. 5. Excuse me, is it you who does registration of the delegates? 6. You are to be at the station at 9:30. 7. He has to do the work of two people because his partner is on leave. 8. Mr Cage was to have delivered the samples, but he hasn’t shown up yet.
9. Insert prepositions: 1. We are quite satisfied... the results of the tests. 2. We are looking forward... the new Tax Code. 3. The police searched... the weapon of the crime. 4. The procurator insisted... two years’ imprisonment. 5. The decision of the jury must not depend... their emotions. 6. His son was accused... theft. 7. It is odd but in our country only very rich people can borrow money... the bank. 8. You may apply... this job but one needs experience to get it. 9. A man and a woman were arrested and charged... robbery. 10. He says he is leaving... Jamaica on business with his secretary.
TEST 4 (Variant D) 1. Read the text: JUDICIARY OF GREAT BRITAIN The highest court of the UK is the House of Lords, which exercises the judicial function of Parliament. Appeals are referred to an Appellate Committee of the House. An appeal must be heard by at least three of the Lords: the Lord Chancellor, the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, and such peers as hold or have held high judicial office. The House has appellate jurisdiction only in civil and criminal cases from the Courts of Appeal in England and Northern Ireland and in civil cases only from the Court of Session in Scotland. The Court of Appeal sits in both civil and criminal divisions. The Civil division hears appeals from the High Court, county courts, certain special courts and tribunals. The Criminal division hears appeals by persons convicted on indictment in the Crown Courts. * The High Court in its civil jurisdiction is divided into three Divisions: (Queen’s Bench, Chancery, and Family) to each of which certain kinds of cases are assigned. Divisional courts of each of the divisions, consisting of two or more judges, have limited appellate jurisdiction in certain cases. The criminal jurisdiction of the High Court is exercised exclusively by the Queen’s Bench Division. A divisional court of two or three judges of that Division deals with appeals from a Crown Court and magistrates’ courts, and also exercises the supervisory jurisdiction of the court. The Crown Court exercises criminal jurisdiction and sittings are held regularly at major towns throughout England and Wales. It comprises judges of the Queen’s Bench Division of the High Court, Circuit judges and Recorders (part-time judges). They sit singly with juries trying persons charged on indictment with crimes. A judge of the Crown Court sits with two to four justices of the peace to hear appeals from magistrates’ courts. The Central Criminal Court, known as the Old Bailey, is a sitting of the Crown Court, having criminal jurisdiction only over offences committed in Greater London or on the high seas. County courts have exclusively civil jurisdiction, which is limited in extent and in area. The judges are persons who also hold office as Circuit Judges of the Crown Court. * Magistrates’ courts consist of a magistrate or of from two to seven justices of the peace. These courts have civil jurisdiction in relation to certain debts, licences, and domestic proceedings. In the exercise of criminal jurisdiction one or more justices may sit as examining magistrates to conduct a preliminary investigation into an indictable offence.
2. Translate the marked paragraphs (*) into Russian.
3. Answer the following questions to the text: 1. Who hears appeals in the House of Lords? 2. What administrative function does the High Court exercise? 3. What courts use juries for judging cases? 4. What is the range of cases magistrates’ courts deal with?
4. Use the verbs in brackets in their corresponding passive tense forms: 1. Mr Sage (to inform) about the meeting as soon as he contacts me. 2. Last week the press (to invite) for a briefing immediately after the talks (to complete). 3. Will you come to my assistant’s office, please, my office (to refurnish) now. 4. The flight (to delay) so we may have coffee. 5. The documents (to prepare) by 11 a.m. tomorrow.
5. Change the active constructions into the passive ones: 1. I have already sent for the doctor. 2. Dangerous driving causes many accidents. 3. Mr Brandon gave me two hours to make a decision. 4. Some engineers are testing our new device now. 5. They will have completed the tests by the end of the day.
6. Put questions to the underlined words and word combinations. Use the prompts in brackets: 1. This initiative will be supported by many politicians. (Disjunctive) 2. The lawyer has already been sent for. (General) 3. Your room is being cleaned now by the room service. (Alternative)
7. Underline and identify (in brackets) the non-finite forms of the verb: 1. Having been kept in the waiting room for an hour we were at last shown into the office. 2. After having made the decision he felt uneasy. 3. I’m glad to have helped you in that very complicated case. 4. When asked about his police service he usually gets furious. 5. While thinking the case over Mr Holmes used to play the violin.
8. Write the sentences in which the verbs to have and to be are used in their modal meaning and translate them into Russian: 1. You don’t have to make the list of absentees every day. 2. I was to have written this article by Monday, but I fell ill. 3. He had many responsibilities when he worked for the bank. 4. These offices are being redecorated at the moment. 5. I think you will have to take a taxi to get there. 6. Did you have to fix all papers on Mr Glen’s mortgage? 7. This document is to be issued in duplicate. 8. Mr Corg has invited you for lunch in his office.
9. Insert prepositions: 1. Have you ever been... the USA? 2. You might have insisted... this clause to be included... the agreement. 3. The result of the talks will depend... the common sense of the parties. 4. He is suspected... selling classified information. 5. Your mistake is that you pay too little attention... small details. 6. I’m afraid we’ll have to borrow money... the bank, though I hate it. 7. When are you leaving... Minsk? 8. If I’m not mistaken his son was charged... hold-up and sentenced... two years’ imprisonment. 9. He is a trigger-tempered person, so he spends a good deal of his incomes... lawyers. 10.... the Constitution the state provides its citizens... free medical service.
TEST 4 (Variant E) 1. Read the text: THE EXECUTIVE POWER OF THE UK The head of the government is the prime minister. The prime minister is the leader of the majority party in Parliament and has the power to appoint and dismiss ministers. The prime minister is the main representative of the government and recommends the appointment of some senior judges and of senior clergy of the Church of England. The prime minister also draws up the annual list of honours, which are usually awarded on New Year Day. * The prime minister selects a Cabinet of ministers. The Cabinet develops the government’s policies, which are presented as proposed legislation to Parliament, and exercises control over government departments. Meetings of the Cabinet are held in private, and strict secrecy is maintained. Some matters are discussed by Cabinet committees, which consist of the ministers involved. The Cabinet Office handles the records of Cabinet meetings and provides information to ministers. To maintain liability the Cabinet must act as a collective group and issue unanimous statements and policies. If a minister does not agree with Cabinet policies, that minister must resign. Ministers head government departments and are responsible for the work of those departments. There are many government departments of various sizes and complexity. Major departments include the Treasury, the Ministry of Defence, the Ministry of Health, the Home Office, the Foreign Office and the Post Office. Most of the work of government departments is carried out by members of the civil service. Because none of the positions held by civil servants is an elective or political appointment a change in government does not affect a department’s staff. Local government is carried out primarily by locally elected councils. There are numerous administrative divisions, each with its own council. The largest division is a county; it has a county council. There are also borough councils, rural district and urban district councils, district town councils (in Scotland), and parish councils. These councils are responsible for providing such services as garbage disposal, water supplies, sewerage, and street cleaning. They also administer the police and fire services as well as education, certain health services, and housing. Members of councils are elected and generally belong to one of the major political parties. Income for the operation of local government comes partly from the national government and partly from property taxes or domestic rates.
2. Translate the marked paragraph (*) into Russian.
3. Answer the following questions to the text: 1. What do the local councils administer? 2. Why doesn’t the change of government affect the department’s stuff? 3. How does the Cabinet propose its policy? 4. How does the Cabinet maintain liability?
4. Use the verbs in brackets in their corresponding passive tense forms: 1. This firm (to run) by the Petersons, it (to found) in 1923. 2. I can’t make a decision on the case, too many mistakes (to make) during the investigation stage. 3. As soon as your luggage (to find) it (to send) to your office or to your hotel. 4. The centre of the town (to rebuild) now: the old buildings (to take down) and the new ones (to construct). The project (to complete) by the end of this century.
5. Change the active constructions into the passive ones: 1. They will give you this job. 2. They asked Mr Brokas to open the ceremony. 3. I have no doubt that Cohen & Blatt will accept our offer. 4. You may not enter the room: they are holding the shareholders’ meeting there. 5. Mr Done has asked Mrs Donson to reorganise the work of the department.
6. Put questions to the underlined words and word combinations. Use the prompts in brackets: 1. All confidential documents are being disposed of now. (Disjunctive) 2. He will be ruined if this information leaks. (General) 3. They have been promised a very profitable contract on the delivery of timber. (Alternative)
7. Underline and identify (in brackets) the non-finite forms of the verb: 1. She hates to be sent to the nearest cafe to bring a hot-dog for her boss. 2. Having been fired she sued her former employer for sexual harassment. 3. The signed will was locked in the drawer of the desk never to be found. 4. Many important people are involved in the case, so I feel like walking on a string. 5. We are very grateful for your having accepted our plan.
8. Write the sentences in which the verbs to have and to be are used in their modal meaning and translate them into Russian: 1. Mike was late for work every other day, so I had to fire him. 2. She has not only to shorthand but to make coffee during the breaks. 3. They had a wonderful possibility to take over that business, but they considered the deal for too long. 5. She is a very capable divorce lawyer. 6. I am to contact Mr Morris as soon as possible: we have serious problems. 7. You will have to take the consequences of your foolish decision. 8. You were to have prepared the room for hearings by 8:00.
9. Insert prepositions: 1. The committee usually spends much time... preparing a bill. 2. I can’t understand why you insist... going to the seaside... train. 3. There is big demand... experienced lawyers. 4. If there is any problem contact... me or... Mr Gutter at once. 5. He is not married, so he is sent... business very often. 6. Borrowing money... the bank seems very risky in such situation. 7. I must apologise... him... my inadequate behaviour. 8. If you concentrate... your work you will not make so many silly mistakes. 9. Are you leaving... Boston or... New York? 10. I want to draw your attention... Clause 6 of the Contract.
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Вопросы к зачету (4 семестр):
1. How is the Council of the Republic formed? 2. What is the composition of the House of Representatives? 3. What are the main functions of the National Assembly? 4. Who has the right to initiate legislative process? 5. What is the legislative procedure? 6. How can the presidential veto be overruled? 7. How many tiers does the judiciary in Belarus comprise? 8. How are judges appointed in Belarus? 9. How can the decisions of lower courts in Belarus be appealed? 10.In what cases does the Supreme Court of Belarus have original jurisdiction? 11.How many tiers does the British court system have? 12.What judicial function does the House of Lords have? 13.What is the jurisdiction of magistrates’ courts? 14.What courts of law hear criminal/civil cases? 15.How is British Prime Minister appointed? 16.What are the powers of Prime Minister? 17.What are the functions and responsibilities of the Cabinet? 18.What are the local government bodies and their powers?
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