C) Mikhail GorbachevBorn March 2, 1931, Privolye, Stavropol krai, Russia, U.S.S.R. In full Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev Soviet official, the general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) from 1985 to 1991 and president of the Soviet Union in 1990-91. His efforts to democratize his country’s political system and decentralize its economy led to the downfall of communism and the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. In part because he ended the Soviet Union’s postwar domination of eastern Europe, Gorbachev was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1990. D) Catherine II Born April 21 (May2, New Style), 1729, Stettin, Prussia (now Szczecin, Poland) Died November 6 (November 17), 1796, Tsarskoye Selo (now Pushkin), near St. Petersburg, Russia Russian in full Yekaterina Alekeyevna, byname Catherine the Great, Russian Yekaterina Velikaya, original name Sophie Friederike Auguste, Prinzessin (princess) von Anhalt- Zerbst German-orn empress of Russia (1762-96), who led her country into full participation in the political and cultural life of Europe, carrying on the work begun by Peter the Great. With her ministers she reorganized the administration and law of the Russian Empire and extended Russian territory, adding the Crimea and much of Poland. E) Boris Yeltsin Born February 1, 1931, Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg), Russia, U.S.S.R. In full Boris Nikolaeyevich Yeltsin. Russian politician, who became president of Russia in 1990. In 1991 he became the first popularly elected leader in the country’s history, guiding Russia through a stormy decade of political and economic retrenching until his resignation on the eve of 2000. F) Joseph Stalin Born December 21 (Dec. 9, Old Style), 1879, Gori, Georgia, Russian Empire died March 5, 1953, Moscow, Russia, U.S.S.R Russian in full Iosif Visrionovivich Stalin, original name (Geogian) Ioseb Dzhugashvili secretary-general of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922-33) and premier of the Soviet state (1941-530, who for a quarter of a century dictatorially ruled the Soviet Union and transformed it into a major world power. During the quarter of a century preceding his death, the Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin probably exercised greater political power than any other figure in history. Stalin industrialized The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, forcibly collectivized its agriculture, consolidated his position by intensive police terror, helped to defeat Germany in 1941-45, and extended Soviet controls to include a belt of eastern European states. Chief architect of soviet totalitarianism and a skilled but phenomenally ruthless organizer, he destroyed the remnants of individual freedom and failed to promote individual prosperity, yet he created a mighty military- industrial complex and led the Soviet union into the nuclear age. Task 14. Translate from Russian into English. 1. Дмитрий Донской правил Московским княжеством. 2. Междуцарствие в России наступило в начале 17 века. 3. Николай 1 правил Россией после Александра 1. 4. Династия Романовых была последней царской династией в России. 5. Первым президентом России был Борис Ельцин. 6. После Временного правительства в 1917 главой государства стал Ленин. Task 15. Answer the questions 1. Who was the first Russian tsar from Danilovich dynasty? 2. Who was the first Russian tsar from Romanov dynasty? 3. How is the Time named during Boris Godunov, False Dmitry and Vasily Shuysky reigning? 4. Who reigned in Russia after Catherine the 1st? 5. How many dynasties ruled in our country? 6. How was our country named during Peter 1 rule/ 7. How was our country named during Joseph Stalin rule? 8. When did Mikhail Gorbachev rule? 9. Who was the first ruler of the Soviet Union/ Task 16. Complete the sentences 1. Romanov dynasty ruled since ….. 2. Boris Godunov began to rule after …... 3. Catherine 1 governed before …….. but after………. 4. ……….. was the first ruler of Danilovich dynasty. 5. After Nicolas II rule in Russia was ………….. 6. In 1970 ………………ruled in Soviet Union. 7. Interregnum began in ………..after……….rule. 8. The first President of Russia ………ruled during …………years since ……till ………. 9. Grand princes of Moscow ruled till ……….
Unit 2. State System
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