| can м очь, у меть
| He can speak English.
Can he speak English?
He can’t (cannot) speak English.
|
| could м ог, у мел
| He could speak English.
Could he speak English?
He couldn’t speak English.
|
| can/could
(очень вежливая
просьба)
| Can/could you tell me the way to the museum?
|
| to be able to do
с мочь, с уметь
| He is able to translate this text.
He was able to translate this text.
He will be able to translate this text.
|
| mustдолжен,
обязан (высокая
степень долга)
| He must do it at once.
Must he do it at once?
Yes, he must.
No, he needn’t.
He must not go out. He has a temperature.
|
| to have to приходится, вынужден
| They have to get up early.
Do they have to get up early?
They don’t have to get up early.
He has to get up early. (Does he have to get up early?)
(He doesn’t have to get up early?)
He had to get up early. (Did he have to get up early?)
(He didn’t haveto get up early?)
He will have to get up early. (Will he have to get up
early?) (He won’t have to get up early?)
|
| needn’tне нужно, не стоит
| He needn’t stay at the office after work.
|
| should следует
| He should visit his friend.
He shouldn’t visit his friend.
|
| ought to
| He ought to visit his friend.
He ought not to visit his friend.
|
| shall уточнение
(только вопрос)
| Shall I call him?
Shall we invite him?
|
| will (просьба)
хорошо / а
| Will you buy me some bread?
Buy some bread for me, will you?
|
| to be to должен
по плану, расписанию, договорённости (буд. вр.)
| He is to go on business.
The plane is to take off in 10 minutes.
He was to go on business, but had to cancel it.
|
