VI. Answer the following questions.

1. How are taxes classified?

2. What are direct taxes aimed at?

3. What circumstances are taken into account? When are income taxes levied?

4. What rates are income taxes levied at?

5. What type of taxes do inheritance taxes and real estate taxes belong to?

6. What is special in indirect taxation?

7. What tax is paid in addition to the cost of something you are buying?

8. What are objects of sales tax?

VII. Speak on the topics:

1. Direct and indirect taxes.

2. Income tax.

3. Inheritance tax.

4. VAT

5. Sales tax.

6. Real estate taxes.

Vocabulary

Ability to pay – платежеспособность

adjust (v) – приспосабливать

commodity (n) – товары; предмет потребления

consumption (n) – потребление

Direct tax – прямой налог

Excise tax – акциз; акцизный сбор

graduate income tax – прогрессивный подоходный налог

in excess of – сверх

Indirect tax – косвенный налог

levy (v) – взимать налог; облагать налогом

Net (adj) – чистый

purchase (n) – покупка

rate (n) – (налоговая) ставка

Real estate tax – налог на недвижимое имущество

Sales (n, pl) – сбытовые операции; продажа; распродажа; объем продаж

Sales tax – налог с оборота (амер.)

stipulate (v) – обусловливать

Turnover tax – налог с оборота (англ.)

Value-added tax (VAT) – налог на добавленную стоимость

Раздел II.

Unit 1

Text (a)