1. A: I'm sorry, Mr. Grady is busy at the moment. Could you ring back a bit later on?
B: When would be a good time to ring?
Flight to Madrid
2. A: Hello, Flight Centre, how can I help?
B: Well, I left a message earlier about my flight to Madrid.
Jude is late
3. A: Patrick? It's Jude here - sorry it's a bit late
B: Oh, Jude, thanks for getting back to me!
put through
4. A: Could I speak to Jackie Middleton, please?
B: Yes, I’ll just put you through to her.
behavior at school
5. A: Hello, this is Mrs. Howard, Dan's mother - you wanted to speak to me.
B: Yes, it’s regarding your son’s behavior at school.
tickets
6. A: The only tickets we have left are …
B: Sorry, you’re breaking up…
wedding menu
7. A: The wedding menu? Now where did I put it? Should be here somewhere... oops, now I've dropped everything and…
B: Sorry, am I ringing at a bad time?
order
8. A: Could you check and see when my order was actually sent out?
B: Can I just confirm your name and e-mail address?
wholesale foods
9. A: This is Shoreton's wholesale foods. Do you want to order anything this week?
B: I'm not sure. If you’ll just bear with me I’ll ask my boss
speak up
10. A: We should have somebody with you by 3 o'clock.
A: I said, we should have somebody with you by 3.
B: Could you speak up a bit, please.
Tag Questions
1. # I'm late, aren't I?
2. # Give me a hand, will you?
3. # Don't forget, will you?
4. # Let’s have fun, shall we?
5. # There's little we can do, is there?
6. # Everybody wants it, don’t they(we/you)?
7. # Nothing can happen, can it?
Tag Trainer
1. Ты еще не посплетничала с ней, да?
You haven’t gossiped with her yet, have you?
2. У твоего брата тяжелый характер, верно?
Your brother has a bad temper, doesn’t he?
3. Джон обычно не берет инициативу на себя, не так ли?
John doesn’t usually take the initiative, does he?
4. Уже слишком поздно откладывать это на потом, правда?
It's too late to put it off now, isn’t it?
5. Здесь присутствуют крупные ученые, не правда ли?
There are prominent scientists here, aren't there?
6. Он произвел на тебя неизгладимое впечатление, да?
He made a lasting impression on you, didn’t he?
7. Ты же не был закомплексованным?
You weren’t insecure, were you?
8. Дети еще не вернулись из школы когда я звонил, да?
The kids hadn’t returned from school when I called, had they?
9. Мне следует говорить погромче, правда?
I should speak up, shouldn’t I?
10. Дети должны иметь чистый и аккуратный внешний вид, не так ли?
The children must have a neat and tidy appearance, mustn't they?
11. Он никогда не делает тебе комплименты, да?
He never gives you compliments, does he?
12. Я напористый человек, правда?
I am an assertive person, aren't I?
13. Я же не высокомерный, правда?
I am not arrogant, am I?
14. Давай убедим его пойти в кино, а?
Let's convince him to go to the cinema, shall we?
15. Давай не будем хвастать, ладно?
Let's not boast, shall we?
16. Все ценят его, правда?
Everybody appreciates him, don't they?
17. Никого нет здесь, да?
Nobody is here, are they?
18. Все ведь прекрасно, да?
Everything is great, isn’t it?
19. Попробуй сделать это, а?
Give it a shot, will you?
20. Да не думай ты так много, ладно?
Don't think so hard, will you?
21. Мы мало что можем сделать, да?
There's little we can do, is there?
Simple Tenses
Simple tenses are used whenever we are talking about a point in time; they show an action as a fact
Past Simple indicates:
1. An action completed in the past:
# We entered the house in silence.
2. A succession of past actions (последоват-ть действий):
# He shut the window, turned off the light and went upstairs.
3. A repeated action in the past
# He drank milk every night.
NOTE: Repeated actions are often expressed by used to + V,
# When I was young I used to work much.
Present Simple indicates:
1. a fact: # They live in France.
2. the general truth:
# Vegetables grow well in this climate.
3. a repeated customary action:
# The Browns go to the seaside every summer.
# We write two tests each level.
4. a future action if it’s a public schedule # The train leaves at 10 tomorrow.
Future Simple indicates
1. a future action.
# You will write these exercises tomorrow.
2. instant decisions made at the time of speaking.
# I know, I'll get him a cat for his birthday.
3. predictions. It often goes after I think or other opinion words. # Perhaps she'll be late.
NOTE: The Future Simple is not used after: as soon as, when, until, in case, before, after # When they arrive, I'll inform you.
Continuous Tenses
Continuous tenses are used whenever we are talking about a period of time. They show an action as a process.
Past Continuous indicates:
1. actions in progress in the past. It gives information about the background situation.
# He was eating when his brother arrived
2. annoying habits in the past (with always, constantly):
# When Peter was younger, he was always getting into trouble.
Present Continuous indicates:
1. actions in progress now:
# Why are you eating that?
NOTE: The action is not necessarily happening at the time of speaking.
Steve is talking to a friend on the phone. He says: I’m reading a really good book at the moment. Steve is not reading the book at the time of speaking.
2. a future action when it is planned:
# I am leaving tonight.
3. annoying habits (with always, constantly): # He is always grumbling.
Future Continuous indicates:
1. actions in progress at a certain time in the future.
# I’ll be having breakfast, so don’t bother me!
2. a future action when it is planned (like the Present Continuous)
# I'll be going to the supermarket later.
Perfect Tenses
Show an action completed before a definite moment, connected with it.
Past Perfect indicates
1. an action completed before a certain moment in the past.
# My brother was hungry, but when he came we had already had breakfast.
NOTE: Past Simple is used with after, before, when, if the order of events is obvious.
# When I wrote the letter, I posted it.
Present Perfect indicates
1. a completed action connected with the present.
# He has had breakfast (he is full)
NOTE: The only thing, which matters here, is the result: the time when the action took place is of no importance.
# I have seen this film (I can discuss it with you now).
Questions in the PP never start with when or what time: # When did you see this film?
Future Perfect indicates
1. an action completed before a definite moment in the future
# He will have finished his breakfast when his brother arrives.
Perfect Continuous Tenses
Show an action in progress, whose duration before a definite moment is expressed
Past Perfect Continuousindicates
1. an action that had been happening for a period of time in the past up to the moment when another action happened.
# I had been eating breakfast for 30 minutes when my brother arrived.
Present Perfect Continuousindicates
1. an action that has been happening for a period of time up to the present moment.
# I’ve been eating for an hour
NOTE: Compare: Present Continuous when? - (now)Present Perfect Continuous
how long?
Future Perfect Continuousindicates
1. an action that will have been happening in the future for a period of time up to the moment when another action happens.
# I will have been eating my breakfast for 30 minutes by the time you arrive.
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2. A: Hello, Flight Centre, how can I help?
B: Sorry, you’re breaking up…
Tag Questions
Tag Trainer
It's too late to put it off now, isn’t it?
21. Мы мало что можем сделать, да?
