Saving files

22. Read the text quickly and match the headings (a-d) with the paragraphs (1-4).

a. Saving existing files с. Saving new files

b. Naming files d. Defaults

1. Programs that let you create files or save data have a Save command, usually in the File menu. When you save a new file, the Save As dialog box appears (see below). You can let the computer decide the location, the file name and the format, or you can choose these settings yourself. There are many different file formats and they all have advantages and disadvantages. You can save a word-processing document as a web page, for example, or you can save digital photographs in a JPEG format, a TIFF format or many others.

2. The Save As command is the default command for any new document so the Save As dialog box appears even if you click Save. If you do not give a new document a file name in a word-processing program, the file name will usually default to the first line in the document. The default file name in graphics programs is usually “Untitled”.

3. If you work on an existing file and want to save changes, click Save, not Save As. You can use Save As to save an existing file in a different location, for example, in another drive or folder (using Save in), with a new name (using File name) or in a different format (using Save as type).

4. Having different folders helps you organize your files, but naming all the different files in one folder is not always easy. You should give files names that describe exactly what they contain so that you can find them easily.

 

23. Complete the sentences (1-6) with the words from the box.

Digital, default, untitled, existing, Save in, Save as type.

1. You can make back-up copies of _____files on a floppy disk by using Save As.

2. I need a _____ camera because I want to save my pictures on my computer.

3. Graphics programs save files without names as _____by default.

4. Clicking _____will let you go to the A: drive, C: drive or D: drive.

5. Programs have _____settings for all kinds of functions.

6. Click _____in the Save As dialog box to change the file format.

 

The Internet (A)

The Internet (the net) is a system that allows computer users around the world to send messages and information to each other. It’s the global network that combines a large number of users and servers worldwide. Also internet is used as a channel for the global using of text information (World Wide Web).

World Wide Web (WWW) is the system that stores information for computer users around the world to use. The system World Wide Web is composed of four concepts: a single document format (HTML), application for viewing documents (browsers), hypertext, single addressing system (URL). Information on the WWW is presented in the form of hypertext documents – Web-pages. They are placed on Websites.

Website is a place on the Internet that gives you information about a specific subject or product.

Home page is the first page of a website.

Web-browser is user for viewing Web-pages, working with files and folders, working with a remote computer or offline on your own computer.

Online is interactive in real time. Online services, conversations, games etc. are those that take place or exist on the Internet. Off-line is not interactive in a reader via e-mail and conferences.

E-mail is a means of sending and receiving messages over a computer network. There is a large number of different e-mail programs. Mailbox is a folder that is on the main server. To access the mail account you must specify your user name and the password. By means of e-mail you can send not only text messages but also documents, graphics, audio, video files, programs and more. Also e-mail is very useful, because it can get the services of other service networks.

At present the Internet is an integral part of human life.

 

24. Start these sentences with the correct phrases to complete the essay.

However | On the other hand | To sum up | Finally | Many people believe | Secondly | In addition | Thirdly | Firstly

 

1. __________ that the Internet is a good thing and offers opportunities that were unimaginable only twenty years ago.

2. __________, others think that it is bad for society and that we are now spending too much time on the World Wide Web. There are various arguments for and against.

3. __________, the Internet gives us instant access to information. For example, you can always find out what is going on anywhere in the world.

4. __________, it’s a great way to keep in contact with people around the world by e-mail or by visiting their webpage.

5. __________, many people rely on it for their work in all sorts of ways and wouldn’t have a job without it.

6. __________, there are many cases in the press where young children are finding material on the web which is unsuitable for them. It’s very difficult for parents to control what they can find.

7. __________, we take less exercise because we spend more time than ever sitting in front of screens, so it’s unhealthy.

8. __________, the Internet means people communicate less and this could affect family life or time with friends.

9. __________, the Internet can be used in a bad way but the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.

 

The Internet (B)

The Internet originated in the early 1970s when the United States wanted to make sure that people could communicate after a nuclear war. This needed a free and independent communication network without a centre and it led to а network of computers that could send each other e-mail through cyberspace.

Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW) when he discovered a way to jump to different files on his computer using the random, or unplanned, links between them. He then wrote a simple coding system, called HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language), to create links to files on any computer connected to the network. This was possible because each file had an individual address, or URL (Uniform Resource Locator). He then used a set of transfer rules, called HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol), to link Web files together across the Internet. Berners-Lee also invented the world's first browser. This lets you locate and view Web pages and also navigate from one link to another.

The WWW became available to everyone in 1991 and the number of Internet users grew from 600,000 to 40 million in five years. Today, that number is much larger and there are now many browsers that provide Web pages, information and other services. You can also do research, download music files, play interactive games, shop, talk in chat rooms and send and receive e-mail on the WWW.

25. Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F).

1. The Internet first started in the USA. T/F

2. The Internet and the WWW are different. T/F

3. Berners-Lee invented the Internet. T/F

4. One file on the WWW can have two or more addresses. T/F

5. There are 40 million Internet users today. T/F

 

26. Complete the sentences (1-7) with the words from the box.

Network, cyberspace, random, create, transfer, navigate, interactive.

1. Some people spend too much time playing _____ games on the Internet.

2. You can sometimes have a computer _____ that is not connected to the Internet.

3. It is easy to _____ around a screen with a mouse.

4. Berners-Lee discovered how to _____ links between computers in new ways.

5. Some people surf the Internet at _____, just to see what they can find.

6. People use the Internet to _____ information from one place to another.

7. When you surf the Internet, you are travelling in _____.

 

The Internet (C)

The Internet is a huge network of computers spanning this planet. Some computers like servers share data, others just surf the web as clients download the data. Public Internet began in the late 70s. In the 70s web users used an interface called telnet, but now that program is mainly obsolete. Telnet is most widely deployed in accessing college e-mail accounts.

The Internet is very helpful, because it's a huge database of knowledge, from the pictures of family trips to an analysis of quantum mechanics. Everyone should have the Internet because of its near instantaneous communication and huge wealth of knowledge. Now you go on the Internet and do the search for the information you need. There are two ways to do it.

The first is when you know an Internet address of data you need and the second one is when you try to find information you need by using a search program.

At the beginning you have to enter any browser you like. It could be an Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator or Opera, etc. If you have a broadband connection, you connect to the Internet at once. If not, you have to step up and connect to your dial-up service. Finally, if you want to find some information in the Internet, you are to type an address of this data in the browser. The existing search-programs are Google search program, Rambler search program, Yandex search program or Yahoo search program.

They are very simple and popular networks of sites. In these programs we can just type the word or the name of a thing we would like to find and then press “enter”. A search program solves this problem. We get our results in the same window. After we get our results, we simply choose what site best matches our inquiry or keep searching.

Beside data one can get from the Internet, we can also send and receive e-mail. This Internet service is the chapter than ordinary mail much quicker. It is becoming popular day by day. We can get some news from the Internet, because there are many informational servers in the web.

 

The Internet (D)

The end of the twentieth century was marked by increasingly widespread use of computers and information technology in many different areas.

Modern computer connecting to the World Wide Web provides the access to virtually all information heritage of mankind.

The Internet is a global computer network, which currently brings together millions of computers around the globe, who thus have the opportunity to exchange various information. The network Internet allows different local networks interact with each other through certain standards and agreements that were adopted in the creation of the global net.

Computers can significantly improve efficiency in various activities and open new horizons of human knowledge.